Amendments to Constitution of India 26.11.1949 - 26 . 11. 2019 = 70 years

భారత రాజ్యాంగానికి ఇప్పటి వరకు 103 సవరణలు జరిగాయి. 

భారత తొలి లోక్‌సభ ఎన్నికలు (1952) జరగకముందే.. రాజ్యాంగంలో తొలి సవరణ నమోదైంది. అప్పటి తాత్కాలిక పార్లమెంట్‌ 1951లో ఈ సవరణ చేసింది. షెడ్యూల్డ్‌ కులాలు, తెగలు, ఆర్థికంగా వెనుకబడినవర్గాల అభ్యున్నతికి చర్యలు చేపట్టే అధికారాన్ని ఈ సవరణ ద్వారా ప్రభుత్వానికి కట్టబెట్టారు. 

103వ రాజ్యాంగ సవరణ కూడా సామాజిక న్యాయానికి సంబంధించినది కావడం విశేషం. విద్య, ఉద్యోగాల్లో ఆర్థికంగా వెనుకబడిన వర్గాలకు 10 % రిజర్వేషన్లను ఈ సవరణ దఖలుపరిచింది. 

ఇక.. ఇందిరాగాంధీ హయాం(1976)లో చేసిన 42వ సవరణ రాజ్యాంగంలోని వివిధ అంశాలకు సంబంధించి తీవ్ర మార్పుల్ని చేసింది. 
రాజ్యాంగ ప్రవేశికలో సోషలిస్టు, సెక్యులర్‌ అన్న పదాలను చేర్చింది. చట్టాల రాజ్యాంగబద్ధతను న్యాయస్థానాలు ప్రశ్నించాలంటే అందుకు కనీస సంఖ్యలో న్యాయమూర్తులు ఉండాలని నిబంధన పెట్టింది. కేంద్ర చట్టాల్ని కొట్టి వేయాలంటే.. రెండింట మూడోవంతు మెజారిటీ ఉండాలని మార్పులు చేసింది.

APPSC GROUP I (MAINS) Paper 3 Ethics questions asked in Civil Services Mains Exam

APPSC

GROUP I (MAINS)

PAPER III - POLITY, CONSTITUTION, GOVERNANCE, LAW AND ETHICS (DEGREE STANDARD)

(C). Ethics in Public Service and knowledge of law

11. Ethics and Human Interface: Essence, determinants and Consequences of Ethics in Human actions: dimensions of Ethics: Ethics in Private and Public relationships, Ethics-integrity and Accountability in Public Service.

Sl.No.	Topic  in APPSC GROUP I  - PAPER 3	Questions asked in Civil Services (Mains) Examination
	Ethics and Human Interface:
	Essence, determinants and Consequences of Ethics in Human actions:
	dimensions of Ethics: Ethics in Private and Public relationships, Ethics-integrity and Accountability in Public Service

12. Human values: Understanding the Harmony in existence Human relationships in the society and in the Nature. Gender Equability in the relationships Role of family, society and Educational Institutions in imparting values to citizens, lessons from the lives and teachings of great leaders, reformers and administrations.

Sl.No.	Topic	Questions asked in Civil Services (Mains) Examination
	Human values:	Social values are more important than economic values. Discuss the above statement with examples in the context of inclusive growth of a nation.
	Understanding the Harmony in existence Human relationships in the society and in the Nature.
	Gender Equability in the relationships Role of family, society and Educational Institutions in imparting values to citizens, lessons from the lives and teachings of great leaders, reformers and administrations	We are witnessing increasing instances of sexual violence against women in the country. Despite existing legal provisions against it, the number of such incidences is on the rise. Suggest some innovative measures to tackle this menace.

13. Attitude: Content, Functions, its influence and relation with thought and behaviour, Moral and Political attitudes, role of Social influence and persuasion. Emotional intelligence Concepts and their utilities and application in Administration and Governance.

Sl.No.	Topic	Questions asked in Civil Services (Mains) Examination
	Attitude: Content, Functions, its influence and relation with thought and behaviour, Moral and Political attitudes, role of Social influence and persuasion.	Young people with ethical conduct are not willing to come forward to join active politics. Suggest steps to motivate them to come forward.
		Our attitudes towards life, work, other people and society are generally shaped unconsciously by the family and social surroundings in which we grow up. Some of these unconsciously acquired attitudes and values are often undesirable in the citizens of modern democratic and egalitarian society.  (a) Discuss such undesirable values prevalent in today’s educated Indians. (b) How can such undesirable attitudes be changed and socio-ethical values be cultivated in the aspiring and serving civil servants?
		What factors affect the formation of a person’s attitude towards social problems? In our society, contrasting attitudes are prevalent about many social problems. What contrasting attitudes do you notice about the caste system in our society? How do you explain the existence of these contrasting attitudes?
	Emotional intelligence :Concepts and their utilities and application in Administration and Governance	“Emotional Intelligence is the ability to make your emotions work for you instead of against you.” Do you agree with this view? Discuss. (150 words) (10 marks)
		How will you apply emotional intelligence in administrative practices?
		What is ’emotional intelligence’ and how can it be developed in people? How does it help an individual in taking ethical decisions?
		How will you apply emotional intelligence in administrative practices?

14. Concept of Public Service, "Philosophical basis of Governance professional Ethics in the light of right understanding and Vision for Holistic Technologies, Codes of Ethics, codes of Conduct, RTI, Public Service Act, Leadership Ethics, Work culture, Ethical principles with in an Organizational content. - Ethical and moral values in governance, Ethical issues in international relations, corruption, Lokpal, Lokayukta

Sl.No.	Topic	Questions asked in Civil Services (Mains) Examination
	Concept of Public Service,	What do you understand by the term ‘public servant’? Reflect on the expected role of public servant.  (150 words) (10 marks)
	"Philosophical basis of Governance professional Ethics in the light of right understanding and Vision for Holistic Technologies,
	Codes of Ethics, codes of Conduct,	Distinguish between “Code of ethics” and “Code of conduct” with suitable examples. (150 words)
	RTI,	“The Right to Information Act is not all about citizens’ empowerment alone, it essentially redefines the concept of accountability. Discuss. (150 words)
		Some recent developments such as introduction of RTI Act, media and judicial activism, etc., are proving helpful in bringing about greater transparency and accountability in the functioning of the government. However, it is also being observed that at times the mechanisms are misused. Another negative effect is that the officers are now afraid to take prompt decisions. Analyze this situation in detail and suggest how this dichotomy can be resolved. Suggest how these negative impacts can be minimized.
		Today we find that in spite of various measures like prescribing codes of conduct, setting up vigilance cells/commissions, RTI, active media and strengthening of legal mechanisms, corrupt practices are not coming under control. A) Evaluate the effectiveness of these measures with justifications. B) Suggest more effective strategies to tackle this menace.
		There is a view that the official secrets act is an obstacle to the implementation of the Rights to Information act. Do you agree with the view? Discuss (150 words) (10 marks)
	Public Service Act,
	Leadership Ethics,
	Work culture,
	Ethical principles with in an Organizational content. - Ethical and moral values in governance,
	Ethical issues in international relations,
	corruption,	“If a country is to be corruption free and become a nation of beautiful minds, I strongly feel there are three key societal members who can make a difference. they are father, the mother and the teacher.” – A. P. J. Abdul Kalam. Analyse.
		It is often said that poverty leads to corruption. However, there is no dearth of instances where affluent and powerful people indulge in corruption in a big way. What are the basic causes of corruption among people? Support your answer with examples.
		“Non-performance of duty by a public servant is a form of corruption”. Do you agree with this view? Justify your answer (150 words) (10 marks)
	Lokpal,
	Lokayukta

PAPER III - POLITY, CONSTITUTION, GOVERNANCE, LAW AND ETHICS (DEGREE STANDARD)

PAPER III - POLITY, CONSTITUTION, GOVERNANCE, LAW AND ETHICS (DEGREE STANDARD)

(C). Ethics in Public Service and knowledge of law

11. Ethics and Human Interface: Essence, determinants and Consequences of Ethics in Human actions: dimensions of Ethics: Ethics in Private and Public relationships, Ethics-integrity and Accountability in Public Service.

12. Human values: Understanding the Harmony in existence Human relationships in the society and in the Nature. Gender Equability in the relationships Role of family, society and Educational Institutions in imparting values to citizens, lessons from the lives and teachings of great leaders, reformers and administrations.

13. Attitude: Content, Functions, its influence and relation with thought and behaviour, Moral and Political attitudes, role of Social influence and persuasion. Emotional intelligenceConcepts and their utilities and application in Administration and Governance.

14. Concept of Public Service, "Philosophical basis of Governance professional Ethics in the light of right understanding and Vision for Holistic Technologies, Codes of Ethics, codes of Conduct, RTI, Public Service Act, Leadership Ethics, Work culture, Ethical principles with in an Organizational content. - Ethical and moral values in governance, Ethical issues in international relations, corruption, Lokpal, Lokayukta

15. Basic Knowledge of Laws in India

Constitution of India:

Nature and salient features – Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy – Bifurcation of powers between centre and state (state list, union list and concurrent list) – Powers of judiciary, executive and legislature.

Civil and Criminal laws: hierarchy of civil and criminal courts in India - difference between substantial and procedural laws – order and decree - new developments in criminal laws, Nirbhaya Act.

Labour Law: Concept of social welfare legislations in India, changing trends in employment and necessity for new labour laws.

Cyber Laws: Information Technology Act – Cyber Security and Cyber Crime – difficulties in determining competent jurisdiction of courts in case of cyber-crimes.

Tax Laws: Laws relating to income, Profits, Wealth Tax, Corporate Tax - GST