CIVIL SERVICES
PRELIMS, 2024
Model Questions (for
GS Paper )
Set No. 15
{Prepared on 24 .5.2024 }
Also useful for
APPSC GROUP I & II MAINS 2024
For
Study purpose
Prepared by :Praturi
Potayya Sarma,MA(OU),LLB(OU),PGDIRPM
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, ENVIRONMENT
1)Consider
the following about Aditya L1 :
1)The Halo Orbit insertion (HOI) of Aditya L1 was achieved
at approximately 4:00 PM
2) The final phase of maneuver involved firing of control
engines for a short duration. The orbit of Aditya L1 spacecraft was located
roughly 1.5 million Kilometres from earth on a continuously moving Sun – Earth
line, with an orbital period of about 177.86 earth days.
3)The specific halo orbit is selected to ensure a mission
lifetime of 5 years, minimizing station keeping maneuvers and thus fuel
consumption and ensuring a continuous, unobstructed view of the sun.
4)The halo orbit insertion of the spacecraft presented a
critical mission phase, which demanded precise navigation and control. The
success of this insertion not only signifies ISRO’s capabilities in such
complex orbital maneuvers, but it gives confidence to handle future
interplanetary missions.
Which of the following
is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3 and
4
Ans : d
2)Consider
the following :
1)Department of Telecommunications (DoT), Ministry of Communications
(MoC), has extended Machine-to-Machine (M2M) and Wireless Personal Area
Network/Wireless Local Area Network (WPAN/WLAN) registration to all entities
engaged in the said businesses. All business entities (incl. Companies, Govt.
Deptts./Organizations, Partnership Firms, LLPs, Institutions, Undertakings,
Proprietorship Firms, Societies and Trusts) engaged in M2M service provisioning
and WPAN/WLAN Connectivity Provisioning are advised to register with DoT
through a simple and transparent online process via SaralSanchar porta
1)“LPWAN”:
Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) is a new type of WAN that is suited for
M2M communication because of characteristics that render themselves more
compatible
3)“Machine
to Machine (M2M) Communication” refers to a communication between two or more
entities (object/devices/things) based on existing & evolving communication
technologies that do not necessarily need any direct human intervention
4)“M2M
Services” means the services offered through a connected network of
objects/devices, with unique identifiers, in which Machine to Machine (M2M)
communication is possible with predefined back end platform(s) either directly
or through some gateway. Explanation: M2M services involve communication of end
device/ object with predefined back end platform(s) either directly or through
some gateway. Examples of M2M services include fleet management, supply chain
management, agriculture automation, smart utilities including power, water, gas
etc. The M2M end devices/ objects and the platform(s) collecting and analyzing
information from these devices/ objects are controlled by some organization
5)“WPAN”:
A Personal Area Network (PAN) is a network used for data transmission among
personal devices such as computers, phones, personal digital assistants,
wearables, etc. Wireless PAN or WPANs can be used for communication among the
personal devices (intra-personal communication), or for connecting to a higher
level network and the Internet (an uplink). Technologies used in PAN are
Bluetooth, Z-Wave, ZigBee, RFID etc
6)“WLAN” means a wireless network whereby a
user can connect to a local area network (LAN) through a wireless (radio)
connection, as an alternative to a wired local area network. An example of a
Wireless LAN is Wi-Fi.
Which of the following
is correct ?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d)
1,2,3,4,5,6
Ans: d
3)Consider
the following about Green Credits Programme :
1)Prime Minister of India together with President Sheikh Mohammed bin
Zayed Al Nahyan of UAE, co-hosted the High-level event on ‘Green Credits
Programme’ at COP-28, on 1 December 2023 in Dubai.
2) The Green Credit Initiative has been conceptualized as a mechanism to
incentivize voluntary pro-planet actions, as an effective response to the
challenge of climate change.
3)It envisions the issue of Green Credits for plantations on
waste/degraded lands and river catchment areas, to rejuvenate and revive
natural eco-systems
Which of the
following is correct ?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3
Ans: d
4)Consider the following about
Cyclone Michuaung in Bay of Bengal :
1)National Crisis Management Committee (NCMC) under Chairmanship of
Cabinet Secretary Shri Rajiv Gauba met to review preparedness of State
governments and Central Ministries/ Departments for impending cyclone
‘Michaung’ in Bay of Bengal.
2)The depression over Southeast and adjoining Southwest Bay of Bengal
moved west-northwestwards with a speed of 13 kmph during past 06 hour and lay
centered at 1130 hours IST of today over the same region near Latitude 9.5°N
and Longitude 86.0°E, about 730 km east-southeast of Puducherry, 740 km
east-southeast of Chennai, 860 km southeast of Nellore, 930 km southeast of
Bapatla and 910 km southeast of Machilipatnam
3)It is likely to move west-northwestwards, intensify into a Deep Depression
by 2nd and further into a Cyclonic Storm over Southwest Bay of
Bengal around 3rd December. Further, it would move
northwestwards and reach near south Andhra Pradesh and adjoining north Tamil
Nadu coasts by 4th December forenoon.
4)Thereafter, it would move nearly northwards almost parallel to south
Andhra Pradesh coast and cross South Andhra Pradesh during forenoon of 5th December
between Nellore and Machilipatnam as a Cyclonic Storm with a wind speed of
80-90 Kmph gusting to 100 Kmph.
Which of the
following is correct ?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3 and
4
Ans: d
5)Consider the following :
1)Power of
30 is driving India today – the dream of adding 30 trillion US dollars to our
economy in under 30 years with the efforts of an under 30 population.
2)This was
stated by Union Minister for Commerce and
Industry, Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution and Textiles, while addressing
the Bahrain Chapter of The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India .
3)He added that
India is a global bright spot for investors, where our market capitalization
has just touched 4 trillion dollars 2 days back.
Which of the
following is correct ?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3
Ans: d
6)Consider
the following about Galium Nitride Semiconductors :
1)The Galium Nitride Semiconductors contract relates
to the design and development of advanced Gallium Nitride
Semiconductors which is essential for the next generation of wireless
transmitters in defence applications ranging from radars to EW (Electronics
Warfare) jammers.
2)Currently, almost all GaN components are imported being a
sensitive and cutting-edge technology whose export is controlled and
restricted by many countries.
3)The proposal aims to design, develop and manufacture GaN
components for defence in India using completely indigenous GaN technology. This would significantly
enhance the indigenous design & development capability, paving way for
immense potential in the defence sector including exports.
Which of the
following is correct ?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3
Ans: d
7)Consider the following about development of global standards for
Millets :
1)The Codex Alimentarious Commission (CAC), an international food safety
and quality standard-setting body created by WHO and FAO of the United Nations
with 188 member countries, has praised India’s Standards on Millets and
accepted its proposal for the development of global standards for millets
during its 46th session held in Rome, Italy.
2)India put forward a proposal for the development of global standards
for millets, particularly for Finger millet, Barnyard
millet, Kodo millet, Proso millet and Little millet as group standards as
in case of pulses.
3)The proposal was unanimously endorsed in the session at FAO
Headquarters in Rome, which is being attended by representatives from 161
member countries, including the European Union (EU).
Which of the
following is correct ?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3
Ans: d
8)Consider the following :
1)The International Maritime Organisation (IMO) is the leading authority
that regulates the maritime industry, which supports global trade,
transportation, and all marine operations.
2)India's re-election falls under the Category of 10 states with
"the largest interest in international seaborne trade", alongside
Australia, Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, and
the United Arab Emirates (UAE).
Which of the
following is correct ?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 only
( c ) 1 only
(d) Neither 1
nor 2
Ans : a
9)Consider the following about coastal
erosion :
1)Some stretches of India’s shoreline are subject to varying degrees of
erosion due to natural causes or anthropogenic activities.
2)The coastal erosion does impact coastal communities residing in the
erosion prone areas including fishermen communities. National Centre for
Coastal Research, (NCCR), an attached office of the Ministry of Earth Sciences,
Government of India has monitored the shoreline changes for entire Indian
coastline using multi-spectral satellite images along with field-surveyed data
for the period 1990-2018.
3) It is observed that 33.6% of the Indian coastline was vulnerable to
erosion, 26.9% was under accretion (growing) and 39.6% was in stable state.
4)Under the shoreline mapping system undertaken by NCCR, 526 maps were
prepared for the entire Indian mainland coast for identifying vulnerable areas
to coastal erosion in 1:25000 scale, along with 69 district maps, and 9 States
and 2 Union Territory (UT) maps
5)Coastal erosion mitigation measures have been taken up at Puducherry
and Chellanam in Kerala, which helped in restoration and protection of coastal
areas lost at Puducherry and flooding at Chellanam Fishing Village
Which of the
following is correct ?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3,4,5
Ans: d
10)
Biodiversity Heritage Site is a unique conservation approach recognised
under the Section 37 of the Biological Diversity Act, 2002. Biodiversity
Heritage Sites have rich biodiversity with wild as well as domesticated
species; high endemism; rare and threatened species, keystone species, species
of evolutionary significance, wild ancestors of domesticated/ cultivated
species; fossil beds; cultural, ethical or aesthetic values for maintaining
cultural diversity, with or without long human association with them.
Consider the following pairs:
a) Majuli River Island a)Majuli,
Assam
b) Borjuli Wild Rice Site b)
Sonitpur, Assam
c) Hajong Tortoise Lake c)
Dima Hasao, Assam
Which of the
pairs given above is / are correctly matched ?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3
Ans : d
11) Consider the following about Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) :
1)There
is a thrust world over for a strategy to use nuclear power that could reduce
reliance on fossil fuels over the coming years. Small capacity atomic
power plants, popularly called Small Modular Reactors (SMRs), with their unique
features of modularity, scalability, small footprint and improved safety
present themselves as an attractive option for repurposing of retiring
coal-based thermal power station sites.
2) Deploying
Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) across the country especially in locations not
suitable for large nuclear plants, can produce large amount of low-carbon
electricity. In order to move away from fossil fuel consumption, SMRs can
be installed and operated for repurposing the aging fossil fuel-based power
plants.
3)However, SMRs are not expected to
serve as replacement to conventional large-sized nuclear power plants, which
serve as base load plants.
4)Nuclear power plants are installed
and operated in line with stringent regulatory requirements to contain
radiation and to avoid exposure to public in all circumstances. The
techno-commercial aspects of SMRs are still in initial stages even globally and
its large-scale deployment depends on various factors including regulatory harmonization
globally by International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), especially considering
emergency planning zone and public acceptance.
5)Small Modular Reactors (SMR) is a
promising technology in industrial decarbonization especially where there is a
requirement of reliable and continuous supply of power. India is
considering steps for development of SMR, to fulfil its commitment to Clean
Energy transition.
Which of the
following is correct ?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3,4,5
Ans: d
12)Consider
the following about Miyawaki method of plantation :
1)The
Miyawaki method of plantation was pioneered in the 70s by Japanese botanist and
expert in plant ecology Mr. Akira Miyawaki. This technique of plantation
involves planting native trees, shrubs and groundcover plants within every
square metre. This method is ideal for small parcels of land and creates dense
canopy layer of tall trees.
2)The
species chosen for Miyawaki plantation is typically of plants which do not
require a lot of maintenance and can survive harsh weather and water-scarce
conditions and grow rapidly in existing conditions yielding thick pockets of
green cover.
3)The pilot project of Miyawaki plantation in SECL will help in
increasing the green cover in and around the Gevra mine (Chattisgarh) , the
largest coal mine of the country, in a shorter span of time. The indigenous
species of fruit bearing, avenue and ornamental trees would help the local
communities and wildlife. The forest developed under the project would also
play a key role in absorbing the dust particles and regulating surface
temperature.
Which of the
following is correct ?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3
Ans: d
13)Consider the following :
1)Coal gasification based fertilizer plant at Talcher (Odisha): Talcher
Fertilizer Ltd. (a joint venture of CIL, GAIL, RCF and FCIL) is engaged in
setting up of an integrated coal gasification based urea plant wherein high ash
coal from nearby Talcher coalfields blended with Pet-coke shall be utilized to
produce 1.27 Million Metric Tonnes Per Annum (MMTPA) neem-coated Urea.
Currently, construction activities are underway. The physical and financial
progress upto October 2023 is 51.92% and 46.54% respectively.
2)Other
initiatives: Initiatives have been taken to set up Coal Gasification projects
at the pit head of coal mines in ECL, MCL and WCL. CIL Board approved the
Pre-Feasibility Reports (PFR) for Coal to SNG Project in ECL and Coal to
Ammonium Nitrate Project in MCL. WCL Board also approved the PFR for Coal to
Ammonium Nitrate Project.
3)NLCIL
has also initiated action for setting up of Lignite to Methanol plant in
Neyveli, which is at tendering stage.
Which of the
following is correct ?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3
Ans: d
14)Consider
the following about Indian Plate and Eurasian Plate:
1)It is common for northern India and Nepal to occasionally experience
moderate earthquakes, and fluctuations in seismic activity.
2)Nepal and the neighbouring northern part of India, situated near the
active faults of the Himalayan region, are highly seismically active areas
prone to frequent earthquakes due to collision tectonics, where the Indian
plate subducts beneath the Eurasian Plate.
3)Data indicates increase in earthquake activity in the year 2023 and it
was mainly attributed to the activation of the Almora fault in Western Nepal.
This activation triggered significant main shock earthquakes on January 24,
2023 (M:5.8), October 3, 2023 (M:6.2), and November 3, 2023 (M:6.4).
4)These mainshocks, accompanied by subsequent aftershocks, have led to
an increased frequency of earthquakes in the year 2023. However, the background
seismicity remained unchanged during this period.
5)The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) has published the Seismic Zoning
Map of India, ranging from Zone II to V and offers guidelines for implementing
the essential engineering codes and practices to construct earthquake-resistant
buildings.
Which of the
following is correct ?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3,4,5
Ans: d
15) Topic: 24 Critical and
Strategic minerals
The Central Government has amended the MMDR Act, 1957 through the MMDR
Amendment Act, 2023, whereby 24 critical and strategic minerals have
been inserted in Part D to the Schedule-I of the MMDR Act, 1957 which have been
identified as critical and strategic minerals for the country.
Further, the amended Act has also empowered Central Government to
auction blocks of these minerals. Revenue from auction of these blocks will
accrue to the concerned State Governments. Government of India has launched
first tranche of auction of these minerals on 29th November,
2023 for 20 blocks of critical and strategic minerals
Consider the following pairs :
1)Salal-Haimna Lithium, Titanium and Bauxite (Aluminous Laterite) Block
UT: Jammu and Kashmir : Lithium, Titanium and Bauxite (Aluminous
Laterite)
2) Katghora Lithium and REE Block
Chhattisgarh : Lithium and Rare Earth Elements
Which of the
pairs given above is / are correctly matched ?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)1 only
( c ) 2 only
(d) Neither 1
nor 2
Ans : 1
16)Consider the following about share of
non-fossil fuel sources:
1)The
Union Minister for New & Renewable Energy and Power has informed that as per the updated Nationally Determined
Contributions submitted to the United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change, Government of India has committed to achieving 50% non-fossil
based installed electricity capacity by 2030. 2)So far, a total of 186.46 GW
capacity from non-fossil fuel-based energy resources has been installed in the
country as on 31 October, 2023, which includes 178.98 GW Renewable Energy and
7.48 GW Nuclear Power.
3)In addition, 114.08 GW of capacity is under implementation and 55.13
GW capacity is under tendering.
4)The share of non-fossil fuel sources in India’s total installed
electricity generation capacity reached 43.82% as on 31 October, 2023.
Which of the
following is correct ?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3,4
Ans : d
17)Consider the following about
National Green Hydrogen Mission :
1)National
Green Hydrogen Mission is expected to lead
to development of 5 MMT Green Hydrogen production capacity per annum by 2030.
2)Green Hydrogen has the potential to replace fossil fuels
including natural gas, either as a source of energy or as a feedstock, thereby
contributing to reduction in dependence on import of fossil fuels.
3)The
Mission envisages substitution of Grey Hydrogen with Green Hydrogen in
industries such as fertilizer production, petroleum refining, steel, shipping,
etc., thus reducing carbon footprint and dependence on imported fossil fuels.
4)For production of 1 kg of green hydrogen via electrolysis,
around 10 litres of demineralized water are needed. Accordingly, the
demineralized water requirement for 5 MMT Green Hydrogen production per annum
will be about 50 Million Cubic Meter (MCM) per annum.
5)Majority
of the Green Hydrogen production plants are expected to come up near port
locations as per the industry feedback. In such cases, desalinized sea water
could also be used for Green Hydrogen production.
6)Since
water
is a state subject(Constitution of India), the project developers will have to comply with the State
regulations for securing the water supply.
Which of the
following is correct ?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d)
1,2,3,4,5,6
Ans : d
18)Consider
the following about battery swapping
:
1)Battery swapping is an alternative to charging the Electric Vehicle
which involves exchanging discharged batteries for charged ones.
2)Battery swapping is popularly used for vehicles such as 2 and 3
wheelers which have smaller batteries.
3)However, the proposed policy is one of the many other policy
instruments such as FAME and PLI already under implementation to promote
Electric Vehicles in the country. Battery Swapping is already operational in
India and more new swapping stations are coming up every year in the country
Which of the
following is correct ?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3
Ans : d
19)Consider the following:
1)Seismogenic
liquefaction features like multiple sand dykes and sand sills have been
identified by scientists in an active fault in northeastern region (NER),
called Kopili fault (KF) zone which is known to have experienced large
earthquakes in 1869 and 1943.
2)The
study indicates that paleoseismic investigations can help trace and understand
the history of earthquakes and help us prepare for the future.
3)The
occurrence of great earthquakes in the past, for which no historical or
instrumental records are available, can be identified in the form of
geological, geomorphological, fluvial signatures and radiocarbon dating, to
arrive at the most crucial aspect of recurrence period of great/major
earthquakes in the region. 4)Liquefaction or transformation of a granular
material from a solid to liquefied state due to increased pore water pressure
is crucial secondary evidence of earthquakes. It occurs mostly in soft
sedimentary sequences especially interbedded sand and silt or clay. The
structures resulting from liquefaction include sand dykes, sand blows, sand
veins, pseudonodules, convolute bedding, load structure, and so on. This is important for designing bridges and big
buildings to withstand future large earthquakes.
Which of the
following is correct ?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3,4
Ans : d
20)
Consider the following about GPAI :
1)Prime
Minister of India inaugurated the
Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence (GPAI) Summit, at Bharat
Mandapam, New Delhi on 12th December 2023 at around 5 PM.
2)GPAI is a multi-stakeholder
initiative with 29 member-countries, which aims to bridge the gap between
theory and practice on AI by supporting cutting-edge research and applied
activities on AI-related priorities. India is the lead chair of GPAI in 2024.
As one of the founding members of GPAI in 2020, the current incoming Support
Chair of GPAI, and the Lead Chair for GPAI in 2024, India is hosting the Annual
GPAI Summit from December 12 – 14, 2023
3)Multiple sessions on diverse topics like AI & global health,
education and skilling, AI and data governance, and ML Workshop, among others
will be organised during the summit. Other attractions in the summit
include Research Symposium, AI Gamechangers Award and India AI Expo.
Which of the
following is correct ?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3
Ans : d
21) Consider the following coal produciton :
1)Government of India has
initiated several steps to ramp up domestic coal production in the country in
order to achieve self-reliance. Some of the major initiatives undertaken
include Single Window Clearance, amendment of Mines and Minerals (Development
and Regulation) Act, 1957 to allow captive mines to sell up to 50% of their
annual production after meeting the requirement of the end use plants,
production through MDO mode, increasing use of mass production technologies,
new projects and expansion of existing projects, and auction of coal blocks to
private companies/PSUs for commercial mining.
2)100% Foreign Direct Investment has also been allowed for commercial
mining.
3)The
major coal producing States in the country are Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand,
Madhya Pradesh, Telangana, Maharashtra & West Bengal.
4)The
all India coal production in the Financial Year 2021-2022 & 2022-2023 stood
at 778.21 Million Tonne (MT) & 893.19 MT (provisional) respectively
Which of the
following is correct ?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3,4
Ans : d
22)
The
steps taken by the Government of
India to make the country
self-sufficient in the production and supply of coal to power plants . Consider
the following :
1)Conducting transparent auctions for commercial mining of
coal. So far in 7 tranches, 91 coal blocks have been successfully auctioned.
Total PRC of these 91 blocks is 231 MT
2)Regular reviews by Ministry of Coal to expedite the
development of coal blocks.
3)Enactment of Mines and Minerals (Development and
Regulation) Amendment Act, 2021 for enabling captive mines owners (other than
atomic minerals) to sell up to 50% of their annual mineral (including coal)
production in the open market after meeting the requirement of the end use
plant linked with the mine in such manner as may be prescribed by the Central
Government on payment of such additional amount.
4)Single Window Clearance portal for the coal sector to
speed up the operationalization of coal mines.
5)Project Monitoring Unit for hand-holding of coal block
allottees for obtaining various approvals / clearances for early
operationalization of coal mines.
6)Auction of commercial mining on revenue sharing basis
launched in 2020. Under commercial mining scheme, rebate of 50 % on final offer
would be allowed for the quantity of coal produced earlier than scheduled date
of production. Also, incentives on coal gasification or liquefaction (rebate of
50 % on final offer) have been granted.
7)Coal India Limited is adopting Mass Production
Technologies (MPT) in its Underground (UG) mines, mainly Continuous Miners
(CMs), wherever feasible. Coal India Limited has also envisaged working large
numbers of Highwalls (HW) mines in view of the availability of Abandoned /
Discontinued mines. Coal India Limited is also planning large capacity UG mines
wherever feasible.
8)In its Opencast (OC) mines, Coal India Limited already has
State-of-the-Art technology in its high capacity Excavators, Dumpers and
Surface Miners. Digitization is being tried on pilot scale in 7 of its mega
mines and shall be replicated further.
9)SCCL has planned to produce 75 MT by 2023-24 from the
present level of 67 MT. Regular liasioning is being undertaken for
grounding of new projects. In addition, progress of activities of new
projects and operations of existing projects is being regularly monitored.
10)Ministry of Coal is coordinating with Ministry of
Railways to enhance coal evacuation & distribution capabilities. At
present, 13 Railway lines are being constructed in collaboration with the
Ministry of Railways for expansion of coal distribution capabilities, which are
at various stages of construction.
11)A total of 67 First Mile Connectivity (FMC) Projects with
885 MT capacity being taken up in 3 phases to achieve capacity of 1 BT
mechanized handling of coal. In line with the goal of PM Gati Shakti, the
Ministry of Coal has undertaken railway projects costing over Rs. 26000 Cr to
develop coal evacuation infrastructure projects.
12)To ensure continuous coal supply to power sector an
Inter-Ministerial Sub Group comprising representatives from Ministries of
Power, Ministry of Coal, Ministry of Railways, CEA, CIL and SCCL meets
regularly to take various operational decisions to enhance supply of coal to
thermal power plants as well as for meeting any contingent situations relating
to Power Sector including to alleviate critical coal stock position in power
plants. In addition to this, an Inter-Ministerial Committee (IMC) has been
constituted comprising Chairman, Railway Board, Secretary, Ministry of Coal,
Secretary, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, and Secretary,
Ministry of Power to monitor augmentation of coal supply and power generation
capacity.
13)Production from new mines is helping scale up supplies to
the industry. From 2008-09 to 2013-14, the CAGR of coal production has been
only 2.8%; whereas 2014-15 onwards, CAGR of coal production has been 5.2%.
Registering a record coal production in 2022-23, 893.19 MT coal was produced,
as a result of opening new mines and this has helped in reducing coal imports.
Earlier, around 17555 MW of capacity based on imported coal was installed. Now,
no further capacity based on imported coal is planned. Owing to the increase in
coal production over the last 9 years, CAGR of coal based generation has been
4.59% from 2014-15 to 2022-23.
14)During the year 2023-24 (upto Sept), the coal imported
was 125.21 MT, and around 131.86 MT was imported in the corresponding period of
the previous year, thereby registering a reduction of 5.04%. This has been made
possible owing to the Government's efforts to boost domestic coal availability.
Which of the
following is correct ?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d)
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14
Ans : d
23)Consider
the following :
1)During the year 2018 CPCB identified Polluted River stretches of River
Kaveri from Mettur to Mayiladuthurai in Tamil Nadu under Priority class I
(BOD>30 mg/L).
2)For rejuvenation of polluted river stretches identified in 2018
including River Kaveri, action plans were prepared by River Rejuvenation
Committee (RRC) constituted by the respective State Government/UT
Administration including the state of Tamil Nadu for bringing all the polluted
river stretches identified by CPCB fit for bathing purposes (i.e. BOD ˂ 3 mg/L and FC ˂ 500 MPN/100 mL).
Which of the
following is correct ?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)1 only
( c ) 2 only
(d) Neither 1
nor 2
Ans : a
24) Consider the following :
1)The Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) - Madras has developed a
technology called ‘AMRIT’ (Arsenic and Metal Removal by Indian Technology) for
the removal of Arsenic and Metal ions from water.
2)The technology uses nano-scale iron oxy-hydroxide, which selectively
removes arsenic when water is passed through it. This water purifier has been
developed for both domestic as well as community levels.
3)Also, the technology has been recommended by the erstwhile ‘Standing
Committee’ of the Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation for the
examination of the best technologies concerning water and sanitation.
Which of the
following is correct ?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3
Ans : d
25)Consider the following :
1)CBG projects falls under Agriculture infrastructure as per RBI
guidelines.Loans to agriculture infrastructure are being classified under
priority sector lending which has encouraged banks to sanctions loans for CBG
projects.
2)As on 01.11.2023, fifty CBG projects supported with both equity of
project proponent and debt support from financial institutions, have been
commissioned with total production capacity of about 300 tonne per day.
3)Presently in India the share of natural gas in energy basket is 6.7%.
The Government has set a target to raise the share of natural gas in energy mix
to 15% in 2030.
4)Various steps taken by the Government in this direction include
expansion of National Gas Grid Pipeline, expansion of City Gas Distribution
(CGD) network, setting up of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Terminals, allocation
of domestic gas to Compressed Natural Gas (Transport) / Piped Natural Gas
(Domestic) CNG(T)/PNG(D) in no cut category, allowing marketing and pricing
freedom with a ceiling price to gas produced from high pressure/high
temperature areas, deep water & ultra-deep water and from coal seams,
Sustainable Alternative Towards Affordable Transportation (SATAT) initiative to
promote Bio-CNG, etc.
Which of the
following is correct ?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3,4
Ans : d
26)Consider the following about arbon
Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) :
1)The concept of CBAM is fast evolving and emerging, as it is important to
understand its impact across the value chain of operations for the sector which
will be severely impacted.
2)The steel sector needs to capitalise on the present challenge of the
CBAM to ensure rejuvenation of the demand so that the Indian export economy is
further strengthened.
3)The European Union has proposed
the implementation of a Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) for certain
products (including steel and aluminum).
4)CBAM would apply carbon emission costs on imported products equivalent
to those borne under the EU system. CBAM would not only affect exports to the
European Union but would also lead to realignment of value chains
Which of the
following is correct ?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3,4
Ans : d
27)Consider the following :
1)A
case of JN.1 subvariant of COVID19 has been detected in Kerala, as part of the
ongoing routine surveillance activity by INSACOG. This was stated by DG, ICMR.
2)The
Indian SARS-CoV-2 Genomics Consortium (INSACOG) is a network of Genomic
Laboratories that has been monitoring the COVID-19 in India from a genomic
perspective; ICMR is a part of this consortium. As per the revised surveillance
guidelines in the context of COVID-19, patients of ILI and SARI are tested for
Covid-19 and positive cases referred for Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS).
3)The
case was detected in a RT-PCR positive sample from Karakulam,
Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala on 8th December 2023.
4)The
sample was tested RT-PCR positive on 18th November 2023. The patient had mild
symptoms of Influenza Like Illness (ILI) and has since recovered from Covid-19.
Which of the
following is correct ?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3,4
Ans : d
28)Consider
the following about Himadri :
1)Since 2008, India operates a research base in the Arctic named Himadri, which has been
mostly hosting scientists during the summer (April to October).
2)The decision to facilitate winter expeditions to the Arctic comes
after an in-person review of India’s Arctic activities at Himadri, Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard in the
Norwegian Arctic, in June 2023.
3)Elaborating on ambitious plans of the Government to expand India’s
scientific prowess, the Hon’ble Union Minister said, “Towards achieving the
vision of the Honourable PM, making India a developed nation by 2047, we are
committed to expanding scientific activities and international cooperation and
collaboration. Artic is an area of scientific, climatic, and strategic
importance; hence, our scientists will have to play a vital role in addressing
areas that affect life and survival on this planet”.
4)He encouraged and interacted with members of India’s Arctic expedition
who are set to depart from New Delhi for Himadri on December 19, 2023, and
wished them a safe and productive stay.
5)The first batch of the maiden Arctic winter expedition comprises
researchers from the host NCPOR, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Mandi;
Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), Pune; and Raman Research
Institute, Bengaluru.
Which of the
following is correct ?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3,4,5
Ans : d
29)Consider the following :
1)The Honourable Union Minister, Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), flagged off India’s first winter scientific
expedition to the Arctic from the MoES headquarters in New Delhi on December
18, 2023.
2)Indian scientific expeditions to the Arctic during the winter
(November to March) will allow researchers to conduct unique scientific
observations during polar nights, where there is no sunlight for nearly 24
hours and sub-zero temperatures (as low as -15 degrees Celsius).
3)This will aid in expanding understanding of the Arctic, especially
climate change, space weather, sea-ice and ocean circulation dynamics,
ecosystem adaptations, etc., which affect weather and climate in the tropics,
including monsoons.
Which of the
following is correct ?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3
Ans : d
30) Consider the following about (CoP28)
(Major Achievements) :
1)An inter-ministerial delegation from
India attended the 28th Session of the UN Climate Change Conference (COP 28)
held in Dubai, United Arab Emirates from 30th November’2023 to 13th
December’2023.
2)The major outcome from COP 28
included the decision on Outcome of the First Global Stocktake, ratcheting up
global climate ambition before the end of the decade.
3)These global efforts will be taken up
by the countries in a nationally determined manner taking into account the
Paris Agreement and their different national circumstances. Another major
outcome of COP 28 is the agreement on the operationalization of the Loss and
Damage Fund and its funding arrangements.
4)The decision on Loss and Damage Fund adopted at COP 28 approved the
Governing instrument of the Loss and Damage Fund and decided that the Fund will
be serviced by new, dedicated and independent secretariat. It was also decided
that the Fund will be supervised and governed by the Board. The Fund is
accountable to and functions under the guidance of the Conference of Parties
serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement (CMA). Since
the decision, an amount of around USD 700 million to date has been pledged by
several countries, including United Arab Emirates, Germany, United Kingdom,
European Union, Japan. The purpose of the Fund is to assist developing
countries that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate
change in responding to economic and non-economic loss and damage associated
with the adverse effects of climate change, including extreme weather events
and slow onset events.
5)Another major outcome related to Loss
and Damage is the decision on Santiago network for averting, minimizing and
addressing loss and damage to catalyse the technical assistance of relevant
organizations, bodies, networks and experts for the implementation of relevant
approaches associated with climate change impacts. The host of the Secretariat
for the Santiago Network was finalized at COP 28.
6) The joint consortium of the United
Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction and the United Nations Office for
Project Services have been selected as the host of the Santiago network
secretariat for an initial term of five years, with five-year renewal periods.
7)Countries including Canada, Japan,
Spain, Switzerland and the United States of America have announced their
financial contributions to the work of the Santiago network.
Which of the
following is correct ?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d)
1,2,3,4,5,6,7
Ans : d
31)
1)As per information provided by the
Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology (WIHG), Dehradun (an autonomous institute
of Department of Science and Technology, Government of India), high to very
high landslide susceptible zones cover 25–30% area of Himachal Pradesh.
Further, as per information provided by the State Government of Himachal
Pradesh, about 32% of the total geographical area of the State fall in Very
High Damage Risk Zone (Zone-V) in the Seismic Map of India and the remaining
falls in High Damage Risk Zones of earthquake. With regard to floods, these are
reported to be isolated in nature and caused mainly by high monsoon rains in
the Shiwalik and Lower and Mid Himalayan range; while Higher Hills comprising
the districts of Kinnaur, Lahaul and Spiti, Chamba, and Kullu are particularly
vulnerable to avalanches as reported by the State Government of Himachal
Pradesh.
2)Under the National Landslide
Susceptibility Mapping (NLSM) Programme, launched in the year 2014-15, the
Geological Survey of India (GSI), Ministry of Mines has completed landslide
susceptibility mapping of 4.3 lakh sq. km. of landslide prone areas in the
country, including approximately 42,093 sq. km. in Himachal Pradesh. For
providing suitable remedial measure for landslides, unstable slopes, etc.,
detailed site-specific landslide investigations are taken up regularly by GSI
based on requests from stakeholders concerned.
3)Besides, the India Meteorological
Department (IMD), Ministry of Earth Sciences has brought out a web based online
‘Climate Hazard & Vulnerability Atlas of India.’
4)The National Remote Sensing Centre
(NRSC), Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), Department of Space has also
published the Landslide Risk Exposure Ranking of different districts of
Himachal Pradesh as a part of the Landslide Atlas of India (2023).
5)These databases are made available
for use by National and State Disaster Management Authorities for planning and
taking appropriate action to tackle various extreme weather events.
Which of the
following is correct ?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3,4,5
Ans : d
32)
As a party to the United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change (UNFCCC) and its Paris Agreement, India submitted its first
Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) in the year 2015 comprising, inter-alia, of
following two quantifiable targets:
- To reduce the emissions intensity of its GDP by 33 to 35
percent by 2030 from 2005 level; and
- To achieve about 40 percent cumulative electric power
installed capacity from non-fossil fuel-based energy resources by 2030.
Consider
the following :
1)These
two targets have been achieved well ahead of the time. As on 31st October,
2023; the cumulative electric
power installed capacity from non-fossil fuel-based energy resources is 186.46
MW, which is the 43.81% of the total cumulative
electric power installed capacity. As per the third national
communication submitted by India to the
UNFCCC in December 2023, the emission intensity of its GDP has been reduced by
33 percent between 2005 and 2019.
2)In August 2022, India updated its NDC according to which
target to reduce emissions intensity of its GDP has been enhanced to 45 percent
by 2030 from 2005 level, and the target on cumulative electric power installed
capacity from non-fossil fuel-based energy resources has been enhanced to 50%
by 2030.
Which of the
following is correct ?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)1 only
( c ) 2 only
(d) Neither 1
nor 2
Ans : a
33)Consider the following about Marine Protected Areas :
1)In
order to conserve marine species, Government of India has notified 130 Marine
Protected Areas across the Coastal States and Islands; in addition 106 coastal
and marine sites have been identified and prioritized as Important Coastal and
Marine Biodiversity Areas (ICMBAs) to take care of marine species conservation.
2)Many
threatened marine species have been listed as Scheduled animals in Indian
Wildlife Protection Act 1972. Currently, the Government of India has
prioritized some of the rare and threatened marine species such as the marine
turtles (all 5 species), humpback whale and Dugong for assessing country wide
population status and monitoring under the scheme of Integrated Development of
Wildlife Habitat (IDWH).
3)Under
the Endangered Species Recovery Program (ESRP), the marine mammal Dugong has
received special attention with a country wide effort towards conservation
of Dugongs and their habitat conservation and about 450 sq km area in the Palk
Bay has been declared as Dugong Conservation Reserve to conservation of
Dugongs and seagrass associated marine species.
4)The
Ministry has released a National Marine Turtle Action Plan with the aim to
conserve marine turtles and their habitats in India. In addition, under the
Project Dolphin, Ministry is expending to include marine dolphins for species
monitoring and conservation of marine biodiversity. Also, more species
including marine invertebrate will be added for population monitoring/
recovering under the IDWH or Endangered Species Recovery programme.
5)The
Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Notification, 2019, promulgated under Environment
(Protection) Act 1986, has specific focus on conservation and management
plans of Ecologically Sensitive Areas (ESAs), like Mangroves, Seagrasses,
Sand dunes, Corals and Coral reefs, Biologically active mudflats, Turtle
nesting grounds, and Horse shoe crabs’ habitats and prohibit
developmental activities and disposal of wastes in the fragile coastal
ecosystems.
6)The
Biological Diversity Act of India, 2002, as amended and the Biological
Diversity Rules 2004, and the guidelines thereof ensure the protection and
conservation of biodiversity (including the marine species), sustainable use
and equitable sharing of its components, Intellectual Property Rights, etc.,
Which of the
following is correct ?
(a)1,2,3,4,5,6
(b)1 only
( c ) 2 only
(d) Neither 1
nor 2
Ans : a
34) Following financial
assistances are provided for the protection of marine species in the country:
Consider the following :
1)Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC)
is granting funds under the centrally sponsored schemes to maritime States for
the conservation of Corals and Mangroves.
2)Project Dolphin is the Government initiative to conserve
both oceanic and riverine dolphin species launched in 2021.
3)In order to conserve and manage the declining populations
of Dugongs in India, the MoEFCC under the Government of India constituted a
‘Task Force for Conservation of Dugongs’ to look into the entire gamut of
issues related to conservation of Dugongs and implementation of the ‘UNEP/CMS
Dugong MoU’ in India and also to facilitate the country to act as the leading
nation in the South Asia Sub-region with respect to Dugong conservation.
4)The Ministry under the National
Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority (CAMPA) funds
the conservation of Dugongs and their habitats in India.
5)The Ministry funds the monitoring and
conservation of marine turtles, marine dolphins and humpback whale under the
PAN India: Integrated Development of Wildlife Habitat (IDWH) scheme.
6)The Centre for Marine Living Resources
and Ecology (CMLRE), an attached office of Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) is
mandated with the management strategies development for marine living resources
through ecosystem monitoring and modelling activities. Based on 24 years of
survey studies, it has generated an extensive knowledge base on the
biodiversity aspects within India’s Exclusive Economic Zone including hotspots
for conservation.
7)CMLRE is implementing a national R&D
programme on Marine Living Resources (MLR) with an inbuilt component on
Societal Services to support the fisher folks of Lakshadweep Islands. The
societal services initiative intends to enhance the ornamental and baitfish
stocks in the wild. Under the program, CMLRE has organised a series of hands on
trainings on “Marine ornamental fish breeding and rearing at Lakshadweep
Islands”.
Which of the
following is correct ?
(a)1,2,3,4,5,6,7
(b)1 only
( c ) 2 only
(d) Neither 1
nor 2
Ans : a
35)Consider
the following about Cold Dark Matter (CDM) :
1)Scientists have found a new approach to explore cold dark
matter (CDM), a hypothetical dark matter that constitutes 25 percent of the
current Universe.
2)In
the current universe, nearly 70 per cent constitutes dark energy whereas 25 per
cent is dark matter – about both of which there is scanty knowledge, till date.
3)The
nature of dark matter and its interactions with the rest of the matter remains
a mystery. Scientists have, so far, been able to study a miniscule area of the
Universe which comprises everything -- the galaxies, stars, constellations, and
meteors to name a few. It is very difficult
to determine what the constituents of cold dark matter are. The confusion is
escalated because of the two models used to study CDM namely the particle
physics model and the cosmological model were not in agreement.
4)The
cosmological model provides a description of the largest-scale structures and
dynamics of the universe and allows study of fundamental questions about its
origin, structure, evolution, and ultimate fate while the particle physics
model describes the most basic building blocks of the universe. The
success rate of the standard cosmological model has been good in recent
decades.
5)One
of the promising candidates of CDM is the Weakly Interacting Massive Particles
(WIMP). Such particle arises naturally in extensions of standard model of
particle physics and predict the correct energy density of the CDM for
plausible range of interaction strength (WIMP miracle). However, inspite of
intensive searches and orders of magnitude improvement in the sensitivity of
lab experiments (e.g. Xenon based experiments), WIMP has not yet been detected.
In addition, the parameter space suggested by the WIMP miracle had mostly been
ruled out.
Which of the
following is correct ?
(a)1,2,3,4,5
(b)1 only
( c ) 2 only
(d) Neither 1
nor 2
Ans : a
36)Consider
the following about Thirty Meter Telescope :
1)An
Indian delegation led by Secretary Department of Science and Technology (DST)
Professor Abhay Karandikar visited Mauna Kea, Hawaii, USA and discussed
challenges in the progress of Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) project and ways to
overcome them.
2)Thirty
Meter Telescope (TMT) is a 30-meter diameter primary mirror optical and
infrared telescope being established at Mauna Kea, Hawaii, USA. India is
a Founder-Member Partner in this project which aims to open new windows to the
universe through optical and infrared astronomy. Indian participation in this
project was approved by Union Cabinet in 2014.
3)A
five-member Indian Delegation led by Prof. Abhay Karandikar met with Prof.
Henry Yang, Chairman, Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) International Observatory
(TIO) Board, Prof. Robert Kirshner, Executive Director, TIO and TMT Project
Managers at Hawaii on 9th January 2024.
4)The
discussions centered on TMT’s present status, particularly regarding Mauna Kea
site, start of civil construction, present funding situation, progress made so
far towards in-kind deliverables for the project and expected timelines in the present
scenario.
5)The
issues discussed included initiation of process for inclusion of native
Hawaiians in decision-making, way forward for the project in the present
circumstances.
6)Indian
delegation was apprised on each aspect of the project, inclusion of native
Hawaiians, funding availability and prospects, civil construction of the
facility as well as in-kind deliverables developmental activities for
establishing the TMT.
Which of the
following is correct ?
(a)1,2,3,4,5,6
(b)1 only
( c ) 2 only
(d) Neither 1
nor 2
Ans : a
37)
Consider the following about nuclear power generation :
1)The
Government has initiated steps to increase the nuclear power capacity from 7480
MW to 22480 MW by 2031-32.
2)The
annual electricity generation from nuclear power plants has increased from
35334 Million Units (including infirm) in 2013-14 to 46982 Million Units
(including infirm) in 2022-23. The installed nuclear power capacity in 2013-14
has also increased from 4780 MW to 7480 MW at present.
3)The electricity
generation from nuclear power plants in the current year 2023-24 (up to
November 2023) is about 32017 Million Units against the aspirational MoU target
of 52340 Million Units for the year.
4)At
present 23 nuclear power reactors are installed.
5)
The total electricity generated from nuclear power plants during the last ten
years (2013-14 to 2022-23) was about 411 BUs averting release of about 353
Million Tons of CO2 equivalent to the environment.
6)Construction
and commission of ten reactors totalling 8000 MW is underway in the states of
Gujarat, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Haryana, Karnataka and Madhya Pradesh.
7)In
addition, pre-project activities in respect of ten reactors accorded sanction
by the Government has been initiated. These are scheduled for progressive
completion by 2031-32.
8)The
Government has accorded in-principle approval to set up 6 x 1208 MW nuclear
power plant in cooperation with the USA at Kovvada in Srikakulam district in
the state of Andhra Pradesh.
9)Nuclear
power generation in the country continued to demonstrate excellent safety in
the last 10 years. Performance landmarks like completion of 50 years of
operation of TAPS 1&2 (presently oldest reactors in the world), setting of
world record in continuous operation by KGS-1 of 962 days were achieved in the
last 10 years.
10) Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL) has
taken steps to ensure completion of plant shutdown of operating reactors as per
schedule and early start of generation from new units and also avoiding of any
unplanned shutdown to meet the target.
11)PFBR is undergoing integrated commissioning. Bharatiya
Nabhikiya Vidyut Nigam Limited (BHAVINI) has set milestones against set
timeline to reach the target.
12)Nuclear
Power is a clean and environment friendly base load source of electricity
generation, which is available 24X7. It has huge potential and can provide the
country long term energy security in a sustainable manner. Expansion of nuclear
power capacity will help in the country’s energy transition for meeting the
goal of a net zero economy by 2070.
Which of the
following is correct ?
(a)1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12
(b)1 only
( c ) 2 only
(d) Neither 1
nor 2
Ans : a
38) The
government intends to operationalize a new research station in East Antarctica,
near existing Indian research base Maitri.
Site for new station has been
identified. Preliminary topographical survey for approach road is underway.
The details of the scheduled timelines
for its completion. Consider the following :
1)Development of Master plan, hiring of consultant &
designing: 18 months.
2)Drafting of tender and tendering, award and signing of
contract, site survey by consultants, road cutting and formations at
site: 18 months.
3)Prefabrication/procurement's at mainland, transportation
to Cape Town/ Antarctica/ Indian Barrier to site and preparation for
construction in Antarctica by the construction company: 18 months.
4)Transportation of final components from Indian Barrier to
site and construction in Antarctica by the construction company: 12
months.
5)Completion of construction: January 2029.
6)The
existing Indian research station ‘Maitri’ is very old. It is imperative to
build a new research station. The proposed project envisages adherence to
environmental protocol for Antarctica and improving the quality of Indian
scientific research in Antarctica.
Which of the
following is correct ?
(a)1,2,3,4,5,6
(b)1 only
( c ) 2 only
(d) Neither 1
nor 2
Ans : a
39)
Consider the following about IMD:
1)India Meteorological Department (IMD) celebrated 150th Year
of its establishment and service to the nation 15.1.2024
2)It is applauded the proactive measures taken by IMD to improve
the weather observational network in the country in the last decade. For
example, the number of Doppler radars in the country has increased from
15 in 2014 to 39 in 2023, and additional 25 radars will be added in the next
2-3 years.
3) Rainfall Monitoring Stations have increased from 3,955 in 2014 to
6,095 in 2023; upper air stations have increased from 43 in 2014 to 56 in 2023;
High wind speed recorders increased from 19 in 2014 to 35 in 2023.
4)The total number of radars in
the country will go upto 86 in next 5 years and events like cloudbursts will be
predicted with sufficient lead time.
5)Gratitude is expressed to Prime Minister for the mega scheme PRITHVI
that will enable the Ministry to take up new initiatives for further improving
the services.
6)Commencing from Port Warnings in 1865, IMD came up with climate
service in 1908, aviation meteorological service in 1911, ozone monitoring in
1928, agrometeorological service in 1945, positional astronomy in 1955, marine
services & flood meteorological service in 1966, storm surge warning in
1977, Antarctica expedition in 1982, mountain weather service for Himalayas in
1998, Digitisation & automation in 2006 under modernisation programme of
IMD, coastal inundation in 2013 in collaboration with INCOIS, air quality
forecast in collaboration with IITM in 2018, impact based forecasting in 2019,
urban meteorological services in 2020, GIS based applications in 2020 and many
more.
Which of the
following is correct ?
(a)1,2,3,4,5,6
(b)1 only
( c ) 2 only
(d) Neither 1
nor 2
Ans : a
40)Consider the following about WAFES:
1)The India Meteorological Department has developed the in-house
Web-GIS-based integrated Decision Support System (DSS) known as the Weather
Analysis and Forecast Enabling System (WAFES), inspired by Pancha Mahabhuta
i.e. Water, Air, Fire, Earth and Sky.
2)The WAFES serves as a visualization platform to analyze meteorological
observations and prediction models, aiding decision-making for severe weather
phenomena and their socio-economic impact. The DSS includes the Meteorological
Information Communication System (MICS), Data Information Processing System
(DIPS), Synthesized Integrated Visualization System (SIVS), and Public Weather
Information System (PWIS).
3)It incorporates specialized modules for severe weather events and
utility tools for visualization, analysis, and response actions based on IMD's
early warnings. It provides real-time information for various sectors
such as Urban, Power, Hydrology, Health, Energy, Agriculture, Transport and Tourism under the
"UPHHEATT" initiative (for the cause of welfare).
Which of the
following is correct ?
(a) 1,2,3
(b)1 only
( c ) 2 only
(d) Neither 1
nor 2
Ans : a
41) Consider the following :
1)Varahamihira's
classical work, the Brihatsamhita, written around 500 A.D., provides a
clear evidence that a deep knowledge of atmospheric processes existed even in
those times. It was understood that rains come from the sun (Adityat Jayate
Vrishti) and that good rainfall in the rainy season was the key to bountiful
agriculture and food for the people.
2)Kautilya's
Arthashastra contains records of scientific measurements of rainfall and
its application to the country's revenue and relief work.
3)Kalidasa
in his epic, 'Meghdoot', written around the seventh century, even mentions
the date of onset of the monsoon over central India and traces the path of the
monsoon clouds.
4)Meteorology,
as we perceive it now, may be said to have had its firm scientific foundation
in the 17th century after the invention of the thermometer and the barometer
and the formulation of laws governing the behaviour of atmospheric gases.
5)It was
in 1636 that Halley, a British scientist, published his treatise on the Indian
summer monsoon, which he attributed to a seasonal reversal of winds due to the
differential heating of the Asian land mass and the Indian Ocean.
6)India
is fortunate to have some of the oldest meteorological observatories of the
world.
7) The
British East India Company established several such stations, for example,
those at Calcutta in 1785 and Madras (now Chennai) in 1796 for studying the
weather and climate of India.
8) The
Asiatic Society of Bengal founded in 1784 at Calcutta, and in 1804 at Bombay
(now Mumbai), promoted scientific studies in meteorology in India.
9)Captain
Harry Piddington at Calcutta published 40 papers during 1835-1855 in the
Journal of the Asiatic Society dealing with tropical storms and coined the word
"cyclone", meaning the coil of a snake. In 1842 he published
his monumental work on the "Laws of the Storms". In the first half of
the 19th century, several observatories began functioning in India under the
provincial governments.
10)A
disastrous tropical cyclone struck Calcutta in 1864 and this was followed by
failures of the monsoon rains in 1866 and 1871. In the year 1875, the
Government of India established the India Meteorological Department, bringing
all meteorological work in the country under a central authority.
11)Mr. H.
F. Blanford was appointed Meteorological Reporter to the Government of India.
12)The
first Director General of Observatories was Sir John Eliot who was
appointed in May 1889 at Calcutta headquarters. The headquarters of IMD
were later shifted to Shimla, then to Poona (now Pune) and finally to New
Delhi.
Which of the
following is correct ?
(a)1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12
(b)1 only
( c ) 2 only
(d) Neither 1
nor 2
Ans : a
43)Consider
the following about Lithium Triangle:
1)Argentina is the part of “Lithium Triangle” along with Chile and
Bolivia with more than half of world’s total lithium resources and having the
distinction of having 2nd largest lithium resources, 3rd largest
lithium reserves and 4th largest production in world.
2)This is the first ever lithium exploration and mining project by a
Government Company of India. KABIL will start exploration and development
of 5 lithium brine blocks viz 1. Cortadera-I, 2. Cortadera-VII, 3.
Cortadera-VIII, 4. Cateo-2022-01810132 and 5. Cortadera-VI covering an
area of about 15,703 Hectare, located in the Catamarca province of
Argentina.
3)Khanij Bidesh India Limited (KABIL)
is also preparing to set up a branch office at Catamarca, Argentina. The
project cost is about 200 crores.
Which of the
following is correct ?
(a)1,2,3
(b)1 only
( c ) 2 only
(d) Neither 1
nor 2
Ans : a
44)Consider the following about National Quantum Mission (NQM):
1)The Union Cabinet approved the National Quantum Mission (NQM) on 19th April
2023 being implemented by DST with a total outlay of Rs.6003.65 Crore for a
period of eight years.
2)The Mission aims to seed, nurture and scale up scientific and
industrial R&D and create a vibrant & innovative ecosystem in Quantum
Technology (QT). This will accelerate QT led economic growth, nurture the
ecosystem in the country and make India one of the leading nations in the
development of Quantum Technologies & Applications (QTA).
3)The 1st meeting of Mission Governing Board (MGB) of
National Quantum Mission (NQM) under the chairmanship discussed implementation strategy and
timelines of NQM as well as the
formation of Mission Coordination Cell (MCC)
on 17.1.2024. The MCC will be set up as a coordinating agency for
the Mission and will work in coordination with the Mission Secretariat, DST.
4)NQM is expected to setup four mission hubs in Quantum Computing,
Quantum Communication, Quantum Sensing & Metrology and Quantum Materials
& Devices, which will essentially be consortia of academia, R&D labs,
and industry.
5)₹ 25,938 crore Production Linked Incentive (PLI)
scheme for Automobile & Auto Components (PLI-AUTO Scheme) to promote
cleaner mobility and develop an ecosystem of innovation and technology, which
has been launched by Ministry of Heavy Industries ( MHI), have already started
giving results, as companies have commenced making investments and vehicle
models are being approved for availing the scheme benefits.
Which of the
following is correct ?
(a) 1,2,3,4,5
(b)1 only
( c ) 2 only
(d) Neither 1
nor 2
Ans : a
45)Consider the following :
1)The very first tranche of auction of critical and strategic minerals
was launched on on 29.11.2023 .
2)This includes 20 blocks of minerals such as Graphite, Lithium,
Glauconite, Potash, Nickel etc. , across eight States and UT.
3)During the Year 2023, critical and strategic minerals have been a
focal point which are essential for the country’s economic development and
national security.
4)The lack of availability of these minerals or concentration of their
extraction or processing in a few countries may lead to supply chain
vulnerabilities.
5)The future global economy will be underpinned by technologies that
depend on minerals such as lithium, graphite, cobalt, titanium and rare earth
elements (REE).
6)India has committed to achieve 50% of cumulative installed power
capacity from non-fossil sources by 2030. Such an ambitious plan for energy
transition is set to drive the demand for electric cars, wind and solar energy
projects and battery storage systems thereby increasing the demand for these
critical minerals. Critical and Strategic Minerals are in high demand and the
same is usually met by imports.
Which of the
following is correct ?
(a) 1,2,3,4,5
(b)1 only
( c ) 2 only
(d) Neither 1
nor 2
Ans : a
46)Consider the following :
1)India has proactively undertaken a series of initiatives aimed at
strengthening the supply chain of critical minerals.
2) Recently, the Central Government made a significant amendment to the
Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act (MMDR Act) in August 2023
to notify twenty-four minerals in Part D of the First Schedule of the MMDR Act,
as Critical and Strategic Minerals.
3)Section 11(D) has been inserted in the Act which confers the power of
auction of Critical and Strategic mineral blocks to the Central Government,
to grant mineral concession for mineral specified in Part D of the First
Schedule.
4)Subsequently, Mineral (Auction) Amendment Rules, 2023 notified to
prescribe the auction procedure for Critical and Strategic Mineral Blocks to be
undertaken by the Central Government.
Which of the
following is correct ?
(a) 1,2,3,4
(b)1 only
( c ) 2 only
(d) Neither 1
nor 2
Ans : a
47)Consider the following :
1)The revenue generated from the minerals auctions shall accrue to State
Governments.
2)Royalty rates of critical minerals have been rationalized to encourage
more participation in auctions.
3)The Government specified royalty rates for Platinum Group of
Metals (PGM) at 4%, Molybdenum at 7.5%, Glauconite and Potash at 2.5% in March,
2022.
4)On 12th October, 2023 the Government has specified royalty rates for
Lithium at 3%, Niobium at 3% and Rare Earth Elements at 1%.
5)Very recently, on 19.12.2023 the Ministry of Mines has conducted a
roadshow on critical minerals to further disseminate the information on such
Minerals.
Which of the
following is correct ?
(a) 1,2,3,4,5
(b)1 only
( c ) 2 only
(d) Neither 1
nor 2
Ans : a
48) Consider the following about Landslide study :
1)GSI being the Nodal organization for Landslide study in the country,
is developing the prototype Rainfall induced Landslide Early Warning System
(LEWS) in collaboration with British Geological Survey (BGS) under the project
LANDSLIP.
2)The forecast model is being validated in Darjeeling and Kalimpong
districts of West Bengal, Nilgiri district of Tamil Nadu and Rudraprayag
district of Uttarakhand during Annual Programme FS 2023-24.
3) Similar LEWS experimentation in 11 landslide prone States will be
carried out up to 2025.
4)During 2023-24, project work is continuing in Himachal Pradesh,
Kerala, Karnataka, Sikkim, Assam, Nagaland, Meghalaya and Mizoram.
Which of the
following is correct ?
(a) 1,2,3,4
(b)1 only
( c ) 2 only
(d) Neither 1
nor 2
Ans : a
49)Consider the following about Joshimath town:
1)An incidence of ground subsidence had taken place at Joshimath town in
Chamoli district of Uttarakhand, resulting in development of ground fissures
and cracks on the civil structures, including residential buildings, roads,
hotels etc.
2)Incident of accelerated ground subsidence ensued in the wee hours of
02.01.2023, following a sudden gush of water from the free face of the terraced
slope located at Marwari, the lowest portion of Joshimath agglomeration.
3)A team of geologists was
deputed urgently to carry out preliminary investigation on land subsidence and
a note on the current hazard scenario was submitted to CBRI/ NDMA. Further, on
request from Uttarakhand State Government, GSI took up detailed mapping in the
affected area.
Which of the
following is correct ?
(a) 1,2,3
(b)1 only
( c ) 2 only
(d) Neither 1
nor 2
Ans : a
50) Consider the following :
1)GSI has been carrying out real-time recording, monitoring and
scientific study of earthquakes through its seismic observatories established
in different parts of the country.
2)GSI also has installed 35 permanent DGPS stations, across the country
for real time ground deformation studies and research.
3)The Seismo-Geodetic Data Receiving and Processing Centre (SGDRPC)
analyses the data thus generated and carries out important research.
Which of the
following is correct ?
(a) 1,2,3
(b)1 only
( c ) 2 only
(d) Neither 1
nor 2
Ans : a
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