APPSC GROUP 2 EXAM 2024
MATERIAL FOR SCREENING TEST
GENERAL STUDIES AND MENTAL ABILITY (150M)
INDIAN SOCIETY :
STRUCTURE OF INDIAN SOCIETY
Evolution of Family and Societies:
According to Morgan the institution of Family has passed through fifteen stages of development.
Among them five main stages are as follows:
1.Consanguine family:This was the early stage of family
when there was sexual promiscuity and marriage between blood relations was not
forbidden.
2.Punaluant family : This was the second stage of family
when group marriage was prevalent and all brothers of a group marry all sisters
of another group.
3.Syndasmian family : In this stage one man married one
woman, but he was also free to establish sex relations with other women married
in the family.
4.Patriarchal family: In this stage man’s ascendancy and
dominance is the family had fully achieved. He could marry many women and had
sex relations with them.
5.Monogamous family: This is the present stage of family in
which one man can marry one woman and vice versa.
|
Sl.No. |
Type of Family |
Place where such type of families are living |
Families of …… |
|
1 |
Patrilineal |
North-Western Himalaya region |
Gujjars, Goddis and Pangawals of Jammu and Kashmir and
Himachal Pradesh |
|
2 |
Polyandry but are of patrilineal type |
Khas of Uttar Pradesh |
|
|
3 |
Patriliny |
|
Tharus |
|
4 |
Matrilineal |
North Eastern Himalaya |
Garos and Khasis |
|
5 |
Patriarchal |
|
Mikirs |
|
6 |
Patriarchal |
|
Mizos |
|
7 |
Double descent |
|
Kachharis (Sons descend on father line ; daughters on
mother line) |
|
8 |
Patrilocal Patrilineal Patriarchal Patrinymic |
All middle India, all tribe of Bihar |
Santal, Munda, Oraon, Ho , Gond Bhil, Kol, Kharia |
|
|
-do- |
Odisha and Madhya Pradesh |
-do- |
|
|
Patrilineal and Patriarchal |
Western India |
Bhils,
Minas, Mahadeu Kolis, Varlis, Koknes, Thakurs, Kothodis, Koli Malhars, Kili
Dhors, Dublas, Gamits etc. |
|
9 |
Matrilineal |
In South India i.e, Tribes in Kerala |
Nayar, Kurichchians, Kundu vadians, Malayaurs |
|
10 |
Matriarchal |
Tribes of Tamil Nadu |
Toda of Nilgiri area |
************************************************************************************
FORMS AND
TYPES OF FAMILY
Types of family can be classified on the following four
basis :-
1)Forms of mating Relationship : Form of mating
relationship can be :-
i)Monogamy
ii)Polygamy
i.e., Polygandry or Polygamy group marriage etc.
2)Selection of Mates :
Endogamy or Exogamy
3)Reconing Descent : Patrilineal or Matrilineal
4)Form of the Family Circle:
i)Nuclear
ii)Conjugal
iii)Joint
Consaguineiious etc.
5)Family orientation and family procreation
6)On the basis of Residence :
i)Matrilocal
ii)Patrilocal
iii)Analogical
iv)Neolocal
etc.
1)Family of orientation :
The family in which one is born
2)Family of procreation :
The family formed after marriage
3)Consanguineous family :
The consanguine arrangement has been pictured as a ‘nucleus
of blood relatives surrounded by a fine of
spouses’,
the brothers and sisters representing the
core of the family unit
4)Nuclear Family :
Consists of husband, wife and unmarried children
5)Joint Family :
Joined family is defined as nuclear family plus all kins
belonging to the side of husband and/ or
wife living
in one homestead
6)Extended Family :
Refers to a family system in which several generations live in one
household .
The term Extended Family is used instead of
the term joint family
to indicate that the combination of two or
more nuclear families
is based on an extension of the father-son
relationship while the
matrilineally extended family is based on the
mother-daughter
relationship.
The extended family may also be extended
horizontal extended
family is called fraternal or collateral
family
7)Monogamous family :In
such family one man has only one wife at a time
8)Polyandrous family :Family
in which one woman is married with several men
9)Patriarchal family :In
such a family authority is vested in the eldest male member of the family
10) Matriarchal Family :
In such a family authority vests in the eldest female members of the family
(e.g. in Khasis authority rests in the
grandmother)
11)Patrilocal family :In
such type of family wife goes to stay in the husband’s house
12)Matrilocal family :In
such type of family husband goes to stay in wife’s house
13)Avunculocal :
In this type of family, the couple in maternal uncle’s house
14)Neolocal :In
such type of family the couple create a new house for themselves
15)Patrilineal family :Inheritance
and descent rules follow the male line
16)Matrilineal family :Inheritance
or descent rules follow the female line
17)Patrivirilocal :Refers
to the residence of a couple after marriage with the husband’s father
18)Supplemented nuclear family:
:Refers
to a nuclear family plus one or more unmarried, separated or widowed
relatives of the parents, other than
unmarried children.
19)Subnuclear family :is
identified as a fragment or part of the former nuclear family e.g. a widow /
widower with his / her unmarried children or
siblings (unmarried or widowed
or separated or divorced living together .
20)Supplemented Sub Nuclear Family :
:Refers to a group of relatives , members of a
formerly complete nuclear family
along with some other unmarried, divorced or
widowed relative who was not
a member of the nuclear family.
21)Domestic group and family :
Domestic
group and family are different terms with many differences from
sociological
point of view .
According
to Kar, a domestic group may be defined as a group of people who
habitually
share a common dwelling and a common food supply. These minimal
activities
of domestic group may be greatly
extended , and , as a result of
domestic
groups may vary in size and stability.
Thus,
domestic group may be made up of individuals between whom no kinship
Exist.
Conversely,
members of one family may be distributed over two or more
Domestic
groups.
‘Peter’ and ‘Genitor’: Peter
and Genitor are two separate terms. Peter connotes the social fatherhood
while
Genitor mean the biological fatherhood. The difference became clear
from
the study of Todas and Nuers.
In Todas, the bow and arrow ceremony is performed to determine
social
and legal fatherhood.
In Nuers, a widow can marry a person but the children
born will be
considered children of the dead man.
No comments:
Post a Comment