MATERIAL FOR SCREENING TEST
GENERAL STUDIES AND MENTAL ABILITY (150M)
INDIAN SOCIETY
STRUCTURE OF INDIAN SOCIETY
TOPIC : FAMILY
(Part 1)
The family is based on simple and obvious facts.
It involves the recognition of just those who are closely
related to ones self through constant physical contiguity, physical
co-operation, emotional bonds, and blood ties.
In view of the basic deterministic drives, the
satisfaction of which only a grouping like the family makes possible, and must
have in the past made possible , the conclusion is apparent , that the family
must have been always existent, coeval with human culture .
The sex and hunger urges, the economic compulsions, and
the cultural traditions have everywhere provided the theoretical justification for
the recognition of the existence of the family.
As soon as there is some permanency in sex relations and
co-operative economy endeavor, a family comes automatically into existence.
The birth of offspring cements and integrates family
ties.
Family definition:
A social group, consisting of members related either through
blood ties or marriages and who also are bound together by legal, moral and economic
rights and duties.
1)K.Davis:
“Family
is a group of persons whose relations to one another are based upon
consanguinity and who are therefore kin to one another.”
2)MacIver:
“Family is a
group defined by a sex relationship sufficiently precise and enduring to
provide for the procreation and upbringing of children.”
3)M.F.Nimkoff:
“Family is a more or less durable association of husband
and wife with or without children, or of a man or woman alone, with children.”
4)Sumner :
“Family is a miniature social organization, including atleast
two generations, and is charachteristically formed upon the blood bond.”
5)The American Bureau of
the Census :
“Family is a group of two or more persons related by
blood, marriage, or adoption and residing together, all such persons are
considered as members of one family .”
6)Irawati Karve :
“A joint family is a group of people who generally live
under one roof, who eat food cooked at one hearth, who hold property in common
and who participate in common worship and are related to each other as some particular
type of kindred.”
7) Henry Maine :
“The Hindu Joint Family is a group constituted of known
ancestors and adopted sons and relatives related to these sons through marriage
.”
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FEATURES OF THE FAMILY
1)Universality :
In view of the fact that all the aspects of an individual’s
life, ranging from deterministic biological to deterministic cultural , are
considerably influenced and made possible by the family grouping.
Family is found all over the world and at all levels of
culture.
Modern civilization has not so far succeeded in providing
a complete and fully satisfying substitute for this grouping.
2)Emotional Basis :
The integrative bonds in a family are mutual affection,
love and blood ties. This emotional basis of the family makes it ideally suited
to perform the all important role of early education , which makes it an
institution of considerable importance as a transmitter of culture.
3) Educative Role:
The most plastic years of every individuals life, that is
, his childhood, are spent in his family. It is here that he gets the earliest
and most fundamental lessons in socialization.
He is mentally formed according to the norms of society, which get
engrained in him to re-appear in his adult life as conscience or super-ego.
4)Limited Size:
In the smallest in size compared to all other social
groupings, and enables closer contacts amongst its members.
5)Nuclear Position
:
With regard to all the different types of groupings, the
family plays an important role in so far as it prepares the individual for participation
in all these secondary groups, for their demands and situations.
SENSE OF RESPONSIBILITY
AMONG MEMBERS :
1)Social Regulation :
Society , that is the collectively , keeping the
collective and wider view in mind, has to ensure , by evolving mores and
folkways , that the individual members in a family do perform all those
functions towards each other on the basis of which the wider network of social
relationships is dependent for its success.
Thus, for example, there are social restrictions on divorce in varying
intensity , in almost every society.
PERSISTENCE AND CHANGE :
FAMILY AS APROCESS:
1.Formative
2.Nuptial
3.Post nuptial
*************************************************************
Different forms of family :
Lewis Morgan has
postulated a sequential growth of the institution of family.
Morgan listed five different forms of family, each kind
is associated with a corresponding and distinctive type of marriage :
1)The Consanguine Family
2)Punaluan Family
3)The Syndyasmian Family
4)The Patriarchal Family
5)The Monogamnian Family
FAMILY : OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS
Compiled by :Praturi Potayya Sarma ,MA,LLB,PGDIRPM
Note: The
following are model questions. The
readers are advised to refer to Original Text books, to clarify any doubt.
1)Family is rooted in
_________
a)Human nature
b)Human biological
weakness
c)Human wisdom
d)Sub-human trends
Ans : b
2)Which of the following
characteristics is not essential to a
family _______
a)Mating relationship
b)Form of marriage
c)Common residence
d)Residence after marriage
Ans : c
3)Which of the following
is not an essential attribute of modern
family?
a)Freedom from wider
kinship network
b)Decline of religious
control of family
c)Extra marital sex
relations
d)Smaller sizer of the
family
Ans : c
4)Which of the following
is not
a characteristic of Matriarchal family ?
a)Matrilineal descent
b)virilocal residence
c)Matriprotestal authority
d)Matrilineal inheritance
of property
Ans:c
5.Which of the following
typological category represents residence as the basis?
a)Matrilineal family
b)Natural family
c)Polygynous family
d)Neolocal family
Ans : d
6)Match the following ?
a)Virilocal residence:
of Patrilocal residence : (i)Couple residing with husband’s father’s
family
b)Neolocal residence : (ii)Couple residing in new
residence after marriage
c)Avanculocal residence: (iii)Couple reside with
family of husband’s maternal uncle
d)Uxorilocal residence:
or Matrilocal rersidnece : (iv)Husband
leaves his family and goes to reside
with
the
family of his wife
Ans: All the above
7)Mark out what family is
not ?
a)Family in kingroup
b)Family is an institution
c)Family is a primary group
d)Family is a reference group
Ans : d
8)Who categorized family
as a Primary Group?
a)Sumner
b)MacIver
c)Kingsley Davis
d)C.H.Cooley
Ans : d
9)Mark the incorrect
statement .
Extended family is
____________________
a)A collection of a number
of nuclear families
b)A common residence of
many generations together
c)A working arrangement of
members of more than two generations
d)Itr is a group bound by
direct descent
Ans: d
10)Which of the following
statements is snot true?
a)Family is a biological statement
is not true
b)Family is a system of
relatioships existing between the parents and children
c)Family is a group
defined by social relations
d)Family is a group of persons
whose relations to one – another are based upon religion
Ans: d
11)Which of the following
statements Is not true ?
a)Family is a universal
social group
b)Family is absent among
nomadic tribes
c)Family is both, an
association as well as an institution
d)Family is the nucleus of
all other Social Groups
Ans: b
12)Which of the following
statements is correct?
a)Family has passed
through the similar stages in process of change in all societies
b)Family has not followed
a single course of change
c)The earliest type of family
was matriarchal family
d)There was no family in
the earliest stage of humanity
Ans : b
13)Which of the following
is not the basis of classification of family ?
a) Ancestry
b)Religion
c)Structure
d)Residence
Ans : b
14)Family has a key role
in society because
a)It provides recreation
to its members
b)It adds to the economic
growth of the society
c)It moulds individual’s personality
d)It provides the means of
sex satisfaction
Ans : c
15)Which of the following
is not a feature of Modern Family ?
a)Economic independence
b)Decline of religious
control
c)Corporate character
d)Small size
Ans : c
16)Which of the following
is not a feature of joint family in India?
a)Joint ownership of
property
b)Indivisibility of
cultivation of land
c)Corporate structure
d)Small size
Ans : d
17)Joint Family system is criticized
because
a)It denies independence
to newly wed couples
b)Prevents division of
property
c)For its exploitative and
undemocratic character
d)It becomes a refuge for
idlers
Ans: c
18)Mark which is not the
characteristic feature of the primitive family ?
a)It is bigger in size
b)It is bound by wider
kingship network
c)It is a consumption unit
d)None of these
Ans : c
19)Matrilineal family is
found in India among the _______
a)Gonds of Madhya Pradesh
b)Kadars of Malabar forest
in South India
c)Khasis of Meghalaya
d)Tods of South India
Ans: c
20)Which of the following
factors is not a cause for the disintegration of joint family system?
a)Industrial development
b)Uncontrolled procreation
c)Modern Education
d)Expansion of means of
transpotation and communication
Ans: b
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