Model Questions (for GS Paper )
Set No. 45
{Prepared on 7.6.2024 }
APPSC GROUP II MAINS 2024
For
Study purpose only
Prepared by :Praturi
Potayya Sarma,MA(OU),LLB(OU),PGDIRPM
MULTIPLE
CHOICE QUESTIONS ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : ATOMIC ENERGY
1)Consider the
following :
1)It is
informed on 7.2.2024 that the present installed nuclear power
capacity in India is set to increase
from 7480 MW to 22800 MW by 2031-32.
2)Government
is taking policy measures to generate electricity through atomic energy as well
as the other sources of energy in order to promote these sources of energy.
3)It is
said, to increase the share of nuclear power in total electricity generation in
the India , the Government has taken the steps like:
a) it accorded
administrative approval and financial sanction to set up ten (10) indigenous
700 MW Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs) in fleet mode,
b)Creation of
Indian Nuclear Insurance Pool (INIP) for implementation of Civil Liability for
Nuclear Damage (CLND) Act,
c)Amendment of
the Atomic Energy Act to enable Joint Ventures of Public Sector Companies to
set up nuclear power projects and Entering into agreements with foreign
countries for nuclear power cooperation including supply of fuel.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3
Ans : d
2)Consider the following about Thorium as fuel in nuclear
power reactors :
1)Nuclear power employing closed fuel cycle is the credible
and sustainable option for meeting a major part of the world energy demand.
2)World resources of thorium are larger than those of
uranium.
3)Thorium, therefore is, widely viewed as the 'fuel of the
future'.
4)The Indian Nuclear Power Programme Stage-3 aims at using
thorium as fuel for power generation on a commercial scale.
5)In the thorium fuel cycle, Thorium-232 is transmuted into
the fissile isotope Uranium-233 which is a nuclear fuel.
6)A special purpose 30 KW research reactor, named KAMINI and
located at IGCAR,Kalpakkam, Tamilnadu, is in operation, which has the distinction of
being only 233 reactor in world presently operating with U fuel.
7)As a part of this programme, India has been developing a
300 MWe Advanced Heavy Water Reactor (AHWR). Fuelled by thorium and using light
water as coolant and heavy water as moderator, this reactor will have several
advanced passive safety features.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3,4,5,6
and 7
Ans : d
3)Consider the following about PHWR reactors :
1)Currently NPCIL is constructing eight Reactors (6800 MW)
comprising of Kakrapar Atomic Power Project (KAPP) Unit-3&4 (2x700 MW,
PHWRs), Rajasthan Atomic Power Project (RAPP) Unit7&8(2x700 MW, PHWRs),
Kudankulam Nuclear Power Project (KKNPP) Unit-3&4 (2 x 1000 MW, LWRs) and
KKNPP Unit-5&6 (2 x 1000 MW, LWRs) which are under various stages of
construction.
2)Out of these project units, KAPP Unit-3,which is first
unit of indigenously designed 700 MW PHWR with state of-the-art technology and
enhanced safety features, was synchronized with the Grid for the first time in 2021. The unit has operated at 50%
Full Power for collecting further commissioning feedbacks for improvement.
Preparatory activities for further power raise with progressive clearances from
AERB are in progress.
3)Construction of various buildings is in progress at
GHAVP-1&2 and casting of all foundation piles has been completed in both
the Nuclear Building (NB) areas. Activities towards obtaining regulatory
clearance for casting of nuclear building raft are in advanced stage. Further,
various project activities are in different stages and are being accelerated
towards commencement of construction of Ten 700 MW PHWRs (10 x 700 MW) in fleet
mode for which administrative approval and financial sanction from government
have already been accorded.
4)Fleet mode ground activity commenced with 'Ground Break'
of Kaiga Project Unit-5&6 (In Karnataka) on April 28, 2022 after obtaining
AERB clearance. Excavation works at this project are in progress. In respect of
remaining reactors of Ten 700 MW PHWRs in fleet mode, various pre-project
activities such as land acquisition and R&R, Environmental clearance,
procurement activities of long delivery equipment, studies for regulatory
clearances, site infrastructure development, public outreach, tendering for
various contracts/ packages are in various stages of progress towards launching
of these projects.
5)Further, in respect of new sites at Jaitapur in
Maharashtra (Land Acquisition and Environment Clearance are completed) and
Kovvada in Andhra Pradesh, various Pre-project activities related to land
acquisition, R&R, environmental studies, Site Studies, Site infrastructure
development, regulatory clearances, public outreach etc. and various techno
commercial discussions for setting up large sized imported light water reactors
(LWRs) based on international cooperation are in progress.
6)In respect of Bhimpur site in Madhya Pradesh, commitment
for water is to be confirmed by State Government.
7)In respect of Mithi
Virdi site in Gujarat, land acquisition process is to be reinitiated as per new
land acquisition Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land
Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement (RFCTLARR) Act 2013. In respect of
Haripur site in West Bengal, land acquisition is contingent to initiative by
State Government. Alternate site is also under consideration by Government
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d)
1,2,3,4,5,6 and 7
Ans : d
4)Consider the following
about GHAVP :
1)For Gorakhpur Haryana Anu Vidyut Pariyojana (GHAVP)
Unit-1&2 (2X700 MW PHWRs), Casting of all foundation piles has been
completed in both the Nuclear Building areas and activities towards obtaining
regulatory clearance for casting of nuclear building raft are in progress.
2)Construction of Switch Yard Control Building, D2O
Upgradation Plant, Fire and Industrial Safety House, Fire Water Pump House etc.,
is in progress. Manufacturing and supply of equipment and components are in
progress. Two End Shields and four Steam Generators have been received at site
and are under suitable preservation. Design activities are in progress in
respect of various packages like Nuclear Island packages, IDCTs etc.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 only
(b)2 only
( c ) Both 1
and 2
(d) Neither 1
nor 2
Ans : c
4) Consider the following :
1)For Ten 700 MW PHWRs in Fleet Mode, the Government has
accorded administrative approval and financial sanction for taking up
construction of 10 indigenous 700MW PHWRs in Fleet Mode. These reactors are
being set up at
a)Kaiga in
Karnataka (Kaiga-5&6),
b)Gorakhpur in Haryana (GHAVP3&4),
c)Chutka in Madhya Pradesh (Chutka-1&2)
d)Mahi Banswara in Rajasthan (Mahi Banswara-1 to 4).
2)Various pre-project activities are in progress at these
sites towards launching of the projects. Fleet mode ground work commenced with
'Ground Break' of Kaiga5&6 project on 28th April, 2022 after obtaining AERB
clearance. At GHAVP Unit-3&4, land is available, MoEFCC Clearance exists
and siting consent from AERB is received. At Mahi Banswara, land acquisition is
in advanced stage and MoEFCC Clearance is under process.
3)At Chutka, land Possession letter has been issued for all
types of land and MoEFCC Clearance is available.
4) Proceedings for implementation of the projects at Mahi
Banswara and Chutka sites by NPCILNTPC JV Company are in progress.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3 and
4
Ans : d
5)Consider the following :
1)Nuclear power employing closed fuel cycle is the only
sustainable option for meeting a major part of the world energy demand. World
resources of thorium are larger than those of uranium. Thorium, therefore is,
widely viewed as the 'fuel of the future'. The Indian Nuclear Power Programme
Stage-3 aims at using thorium as fuel for power generation on a commercial
scale.
2)The U-233 based Kalpakkam Mini Reactor (KAMINI) at
Kalpakkam ,Tamilnadu was available for
neutron activation analysis, neutron radiography and testing of indigenously
developed neutron detectors. This research reactor has been utilized by many
units and institutions for irradiation
of various samples, testing and calibration requirements.
3)The U-233 based Kalpakkam Mini Reactor (KAMINI) was
available for neutron activation analysis, neutron radiography and testing of
indigenously developed neutron detectors. De-bonding of fuel plates in some of
the fuel subassemblies was observed during inspection in October 2021. Presence
of any solid fission products in reactor water has not been noticed so far.
Reactor operation was resumed in January 2022 with 3 gas leaker fuel
subassemblies in the core after obtaining regulatory clearance
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3
Ans : d
6)Consider the following :
1)Fast Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR), the flagship of IGCAR is
continuing its objectives as a test bed for irradiation of fuel &
structural materials in fast neutron flux and a training hub for fast reactor
operators.
2)In the 37 years of operation so far, 30 irradiation
campaigns have been successfully completed and 31st campaign is in progress.
Since FBTR engineering systems are designed for 40 MWt, there was a constant
urge in increasing the FBTR Power to 40 MWt, which would provide an experience
in testing the systems at design power. A modified core with 69 MK-I FSAs (Fuel
SubAssemblies), one IFZ (Special experimental) Test SA at 10 center and four
poison SAs with 50% B in second ring was chosen and with this modied core
conguration, FBTR power was raised to 40 MWt on 7th March 2022 for the first
time and operated for 45 Effective Full Power Days (EFPD). Turbo Generator was
in operation throughout the campaign producing ~10 MWe.
3)Presently the 31st campaign with 40 MWt and Turbo
Generator connected to grid, producing ~10 MWe is under progress and is
expected to complete cumulative campaign duration of 100 days by this year end.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3
Ans : d
7)Consider the following :
1)For the second stage of the Nuclear Power Generation
Programme, the Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR)at
Kalpakklam. Tamilnadu is pursuing
development of sodium cooled fast breeder reactors and associated fuel cycle
technologies.
2)Breeder reactors produce more fuel than they consume.
3)The Fast Reactor Programme of IGCAR is supported by its
research and development endeavour in a range of disciplines such as reactor
engineering, metallurgy, materials science, instrumentation, safety, and
others.
4)The Fast Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR), operating at
Kalpakkam for over 25 years, also caters to technology development related to
fast reactor.
5) Based on the fast breeder reactor technology developed by
IGCAR, a 500 MWe Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) is coming up at
Kalpakkam. The project is being executed by the Bharatiya Nabhikiya Vidyut
Nigam Limited (BHAVINI), a public sector undertaking of DAE. BARC contributes
to the research & development and manufacture of fuels for fast reactors,
technology for reprocessing of fuels, waste management and health and safety of
the work force. NFC is entrusted with the responsibility of fabrication of core
subassemblies for Fast Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR) and 500 MWe Prototype Fast
Breeder Reactor (PFBR).
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3,4
and 5
Ans : d
8) Consider the following about PFBR :
1)Prototype
Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) at Kalpakkam, Tamilnadu is
a 500 MWe (1250 MWt) liquid sodium cooled, pool type reactor using mixed
oxide of uranium and plutonium as fuel.
2)The plant is located 500 m south of the existing Madras
Atomic Power Station. After completion of construction, manufacture &
erection of all the systems / components of PFBR, commissioning of the
individual system and the integrated commissioning are in progress. The major
activities that have been completed during the reporting includes Integrated
Leak Rate Test of Reactor Containment Building using superimposition method;
High temperature testing (~120 deg C) of In-Service Inspection (DISHA) vehicle
at Site Assembly Shop followed by in-pile testing on dissimilar weld joint at
ambient temperature; Independent Verication & Validation of systems
required sodium filling in Main Vessel; Commissioning works of Fuel Handling
equipment.
3)IGCAR is continuing to provide necessary support for the
500 MWe Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR). The reactor is in advanced stage
of integrated commissioning
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3
Ans : d
9)Consider the following about Research reactors :
1)Operation of Apsara-U at
rated power of 2 MW was demonstrated successfully. The reactor operated with an
Availability Factor (AF) of 52.7 % during the year. Silicon wafers of 100 mm
diameter were irradiated at the immediate vicinity of reactor core for
development of silicon-based radiation detectors as part of feasibility study
for neutron transmutation doping of silicon in Apsara-U reactor. The
setup for irradiation of silicon ingot is expected to be commissioned by March
2023.
2) Dhruva
was operated with an Availability Factor (AF) of 73.2% during the calendar year
2022. Isotope production in Dhruva was continued and 510 radioisotope cans were
irradiated and delivered successfully.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 only
(b)2 only
( c ) Both 1
and 2
(d) Neither 1
nor 2
Ans : c
10)Consider the following about PHWRs at Bhimpur:
1)Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs) Bhimpur, Madhya
Pradesh:
2)Commitment for water is to be confirmed by State
Government.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 only
(b)2 only
( c ) Both 1
and 2
(d) Neither 1
nor 2
Ans : c
11) Consider the following
about Light Water Reactors (LWRs) Projects :
1)Light Water Reactor (LWR) Projects Jaitapur, Maharashtra:
Land has been acquired. Statutory clearances are available. Techno-commercial
discussions with Électricité de France (EDF), France are in progress.
2)Kovvada, Andhra Pradesh: Land acquisition process is in
progress. Techno-Commercial discussions with Westinghouse Electric Company
(WEC) are in progress.
3)Mithi Virdi,
Gujarat: Land is to be acquired as per the new RFCTLARR Act 2013.
4)Haripur, West Bengal: Land acquisition is contingent to
initiative by State Government.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3 and
4
Ans : d
12)Consider the following :
1)Phase behaviour and thermophysical properties of UO based
cermet dispersion nuclear fuels 2 have been evaluated over 298 K to 773 K and
the effect of prolonged annealing on heat transport behaviour of the fuel has
been delineated.
2) MSBR: High temperature thermophysical properties of fluoride-based
fuel salt for Molten Salt Breeder Reactor (MSBR) application, and ZrO -based
inter matrix fuel hosts and rare earth 2 phosphate-based waste hosts were
evaluated over 298 K to 1473 K. Indigenous experimental facility has been
set-up for decarburization of heavy metals and metal decarburization was
demonstrated at lab-scale. For alkaline dissolution of uranium-aluminum
intermetallic fuels, process parameters were optimized at lab-scale to achieve
rapid dissolution within the permissible range of temperature of the
dissolution system.
3)Large numbers of Poly Crystalline Diamond (PCD) lms were
synthesized using plasma CVD route and PCD-based alpha detectors (10 nos.) were
fabricated and tested in air / liquid medium. A special substrate holder was designed
to provide steep radial temperature gradient over 2-inch diameter silicon
substrate. Using this substrate assembly, thick PCD films (> 500 mm)
consisting of highly oriented (100) large diamond crystallites (sub-millimetre)
were synthesized for the first time.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3
Ans : d
13)Consider the following :
1)The second stage of the nuclear power generation programme
is geared towards setting up of fast breeder reactors. These reactors produce
more fuel than what they consume. The DAE organisations that are involved in
the implementation of the Fast Reactor Programme are the Indira Gandhi Centre
for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Bhartiya Nabhikiya Vidyut Nigam Ltd. (Bhavini) and
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC).
2) IGCAR is engaged in the design and development of liquid
sodium cooled fast breeder reactors, with associated fuel cycle
technologies. This programme is supported by a strong research and development
endeavour of IGCAR in disciplines such as reactor engineering chemistry,
metallurgy, material science safety and instrumentation.
3)BHAVINI, a public sector company of DAE, was incorporated
on 22nd October, 2003 at Chennai, Tamil Nadu, as a Special Purpose Vehicle, for
implementing India's first prototype 500 MW Fast Breeder Reactor project. BARC
contributes towards the research and development of fuels for fast reactors,
technology for reprocessing of fuel elements, waste management and health and
safety of the work force.
4) NFC is entrusted with the responsibility of fabrication
of core subassemblies for Fast Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR) and 500 MWe
Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR).
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3 and
4
Ans : d
14)Consider the following :
1)Fast Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR), the flagship of IGCAR is
continuing its objectives as a test bed for irradiation of fuel &
structural materials in fast neutron flux and a training hub for fast reactor
operators. In the 37 years of operation so far, 30 irradiation campaigns have
been successfully completed and 31st campaign is in progress. In 2022, for
raising the reactor power to rated power of 40MWt, preparatory works viz.,
normalization of 3 blanked tubes in each of the four SG modules, refurbishing
of the main cooling tower and introduction of new reactor trip parameter based
on high reactor inlet temperature were completed.
2)The MOX & MARK-II fuels were removed from FBTR Core
and the core was modifed with addition of four poison subassemblies (B10
enriched to 50%) to overcome the reduction of shutdown margin (SDM).
Introduction of poison subassemblies also helped in flattening the neutron flux
in the core, thereby increasing the thermal power from core peripheral fuel
subassemblies.
3)The 40MWt core consists of 69 MK-I fuel subassemblies, one
special experimental fuel subassembly (IFZ100) in center location for high dose
irradiation, two special steel subassemblies in first ring for test irradiation
of metal fuel pins and four poison subassemblies in the second ring. The core
also contains special steel SA containing yttria capsule for production of
Strontium-89 and few special steel subassemblies for material irradiation in
the core periphery.
4)With the modifed core configuration, FBTR power was raised
to 40 MWt on 7th March 2022 for the first time in the 30th irradiation campaign
and operated for 45 Effective Full Power Days (EFPD). Turbo Generator was in
operation throughout the campaign producing ~10 MWe. 30th Irradiation campaign
was completed on 7th May 2022. After obtaining regulatory clearance, the 31st
irradiation campaign was commenced and reactor is operating at 40 MWt presently
with Turbo Generator connected to grid and expected to complete cumulative
campaign duration of 100 days during this year end. It is planned to commence
32nd irradiation campaign in the beginning of year 2023 after carrying out
mandatory surveillance tests and maintenance works.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3 and
4
Ans : d
15)Consider the following :
1)Government accorded
administrative approval and financial sanction for setting up of 500 MWe
Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) at Kalpakkam, in September, 2003.
2)Bharatiya Nabhikiya Vidyut Nigam Limited (BHAVINI), a
Government Company was established on 22nd October 2003 at Chennai, Tamil Nadu,
as a Special Purpose Vehicle, for implementing the India's first Prototype Fast
Breeder Reactor (PFBR) project. The major activities that have been completed
during the reporting period and the plan ahead for the current financial year
are mentioned below. Reactor Containment Building Integrated Leak Rate Test
using Super imposition method was carried out and integrity of containment
structure was demonstrated. As a part of Fuel Handling commissioning
activities, manual entry was made into the hot pool to carryout visual
inspection during Transfer Arm operation to ensure that all design intends are
met and also to inspect other core handling components. During the trial
operations of lifting the selected Dummy SubAssemblies (DSA) with Transfer Arm
from the Grid Platesleeve, few DSAs experienced higher extraction force.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 only
(b)2 only
( c ) Both 1
and 2
(d) Neither 1
nor 2
Ans : c
16)Consider the following :
1)Department of
Atomic Energy (DAE) has continued to deliver on its mandate of producing
nuclear power, capacity building for nuclear power, creation and operation of
research reactors and particle accelerators for radio-isotope and
radio-pharmaceutical production, application of radiation technology solutions
to address societal issues in areas of health care, food security, water &
waste management. 2)The Department also contributes towards National Security.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 only
(b)2 only
( c ) Both 1
and 2
(d) Neither 1
nor 2
Ans : c
17)Consider the
following about achievements in Nuclear
Power Programme :
1)AMD has made sustained exploration efforts and augmented
additional Uranium Oxide reserves to cater to the nuclear power programme of
the country.
2)At NFC, indigenous development of Tungsten Copper composite
material has resulted in reducing the costs by about 67% on the imported cost
giving an annual saving of ₹ 2 Crore. For the first time in India, NFC has
indigenously developed Inconel 740 H tubing for Advanced Ultra Super Critical
(AUSC) applications. This technology will help power plants burn less coal for
electricity production while reducing carbon dioxide emissions. In addition,
NFC has been successfully fulfilling all the requirements of our domestic
nuclear power reactors with respect to the fabrication of fuel and core
structurals.
3)KAPP - 3, the first indigenous 700 MW PHWR at Gujarat, has
started full power commercial power production on 31st August and with this, the installed capacity of our nuclear
power plants has reached 7480 MW. KAPP- 4 attained criticality on 17th December 2023 which is the first step for commercial
operation of the plant.
4)Towards the realization of the 2nd stage of our nuclear power program, significant developments
have happened over the last one year. The filling of the Main Vessel of PFBR of
BHAVINI with about 1,150 tonnes of liquid Sodium has been completed in a record
time of 5 days in the month of August 2023. All the indigenously
manufactured Primary and Secondary sodium pumps have been put in service
successfully and integrated commissioning of the plant is in an advanced stage.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3 and
4
Ans : d
18)Consider the following about peaceful uses of atomic
energy :
1)Several new radiopharmaceuticals for diagnosis and treatment of
various types of cancer have been developed and made commercially available.
2)Medical grade H2O18 of 95.5% I.P. has been successfully produced and validated,
paving the path for India’s self-reliance and giving a boost to healthcare
industry.
3)The Fission Molybdenum-99 Plant was dedicated to the nation by
the Prime Minister on the 25th anniversary of
National Technology Day on 11th May 2023. This
makes India one of the few countries in the world producing fission Moly-99
today. The Molybdenum-99 produced at this plant will not only fulfil our
domestic demand but will allow us to export the same to neighbouring countries.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3
Ans : d
19)Consider the following:
1)Production of Rare Earth Permanent Magnets has been
started in the country by IREL at the BARC Campus, Vizag. This facility was
also dedicated to the nation by Prime Minister on the occasion of ‘National
Technology Day’. IREL has started commercial production of Co-Sm permanent
magnet at Vizag.
2)AMD has augmented the resources of Rare Earth Element Oxides in
various regions in Gujarat and Rajasthan. With this, the augmented Niobium
Oxide reserves now amount to about 1,24,000 tonnes and 4000 tonnes
respectively.
3)HWB has exported Heavy Water to Japan, South Korea and
USA for non-nuclear applications and around 220 MT of HW export orders are
under approval process. HWB is gearing up to support the upcoming demand of Deuterium,
Heavy Water and Deuterium Depleted Water for non-nuclear applications.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3
Ans : d
20)Consider the following about peaceful uses of atomic
energy:
1)Six Trombay crop varieties have been Gazette notified for
commercial cultivation which includes one variety each of sorghum, mung bean
& black gram for Karnataka, one sorghum variety for Maharashtra & two Urad bean varieties for Madhya
Pradesh.
2)A low-temperature Irradiator using Co-60 radiation source has
been developed and commissioned to irradiate marine products at low and
sub-zero temperature.
3)About 2,400 kCi Co-60 source has been exported for gamma
irradiation applications in Radiation Processing Plants across the globe,
including South Asian countries like Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Vietnam and also to
UK. This is besides fulfilling the domestic requirement of 4.3 MCi of Co-60
source. Our exports cater to about 7% of the global requirement
4)India exported more than 2,500 MT of mangoes by sea route
which is a significant quantity in comparison with 1,048 MT of average annual
exports in the last 5 years. These mangoes were treated by radiation along with
an associated processing protocol for increasing the shelf-life. This has
helped shipment by sea instead of air route and thus, has reduced the
transportation costs drastically.
5)Four food irradiation facilities were involved
in this process as per the SOP developed by BARC. Radiation-processed mangoes
were exported to majorly four major countries – the USA, Australia, South
Africa and Malaysia.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3,4
and 5
Ans : d
21)Consider the following about peaceful uses of atomic energy :
1)Electron Beam Sterilization of more than 1.2 million Risk
Class-B medical devices have been performed using 10 MeV, 6 kW linear
accelerator (at RRCAT,Indore), which were earlier required to be taken abroad
for sterilisation.
2)Water purification technologies have been deployed in 116
villages of India.
3)Advance Effluent Water Treatment Plant based on ozonation
technology was commissioned with 750 LPH capacity at ONGC Mehsana for field
demonstration to treat oil contaminated effluent water and make it suitable for
agricultural use in rain parched adjoining area.
4)Three numbers of hybrid-granular Sequencing Batch Reactor
(hgSBR) technology-based Sewage Treatment Plants with capacity ranging from 50
to 150 kLD have been operationalized at Surat, Shirdi and Tiruchirapalli for
treating municipal waste water. Ten more private companies have entered into
agreement during the year for commercialization of the same patented
technology.
5)M/s Tata Motors have developed the first 20 ft Liquid nitrogen
based refrigerated container integrated on Tata’s commercial vehicle based on
Liquid Nitrogen based cooling ‘SHIVAY’ Technology developed at RRCAT. This is a
patented technology of DAE which was shared with M/s Tata Motors Ltd. Based on this
technology, M/s Tata Motors has developed India’s first 20 ft refrigerated
truck (Volume: 30 m3) which has been successfully tested by RRCAT,Indore.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3,4
and 5
Ans : d
22)Consider the following :
1)The indigenously developed cyber security solution by BARC
Secure Network Access System, has been deployed successfully in prestigious
organizations like Indian Space Research Organisation, Defence Research &
Development Organisation and Ministry of Home Affairs. The technology is now
available for transfer.
2)The X-Band RF Seeker, developed jointly by BARC, ECIL and DRDO,
enhances the efficiency of precision strike missiles. After captive flights and
trials, the missile with the indigenous Seeker was successfully tested from sea
platform in April 2023.
3)At RRCAT, Undulator based X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism
(XMCD) Beamline (BL-20) has been commissioned in Feb. 2023 at Indus-2. This is
the first beamline of its kind in the country.
4)Low Energy High Intensity Proton Accelerator (LEHIPA), designed
indigenously and manufactured by Indian industry, has been operated
successfully at BARC to demonstrate acceleration to rated energy of 20 MeV on 4th August 2023.
5)IPR has set up a dedicated state-of-the-art test facility,
ITER-India Gyrotron Test Facility, for demonstration of 1 MW RF Power at 170
GHz for 1000 sec with an RF efficiency of 50%. Such a facility, the only one of
its kind in India, fulfils the requirements of ITER testing.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3,4
and 5
Ans : d
23)Consider the following :
1)Based on high-quality publications in Journals, the Nature Index
published in May 2023 has placed HBNI in the first position with
regard to publications in physical sciences and the third position among
all institutions in India.
2)Apart from the regular detection of gamma-ray signals from the
standard candle Crab Nebula and other potential sources, MACE (Major
Atmospheric Cherenkov Experiment) telescope has detected very high energy
photons from the radio galaxy NGC 1275 during its recent historical giant gamma-ray
flares happened during December 2022 - January 2023. This is the first ever
result from the MACE telescope which is well recognized and cited by the
international community.
3)CEBS has created gold nanoparticles that can effectively deliver
therapeutic molecules from medicinal herbs such as Ashwagandha, Brahmi, and
garlic to cancer cells. These nanoparticles were found to be more effective
than the extract of each herb.
4)As part of a project sanctioned by Office of the Principal
Scientific Advisor to the Government of India, a new Ni-base super-alloy for
use in boilers operating at high temperatures has been indigenously
manufactured through a multi-organisation collaborative effort involving IGCAR,
MIDHANI and NFC.
6)For the first time, data from an Indian telescope, the upgraded
GMRT of NCRA-TIFR has been used for probing low-frequency gravitational waves,
an astrophysically rich window in the gravitational wave spectrum
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d)
1,2,3,,4,5 and 6
Ans : d
24)Consider the following :
1)For the Chandrayaan
Mission, ECIL has supplied the
32-meter-Deep Space Network antenna built indigenously in association with BARC
and ISTRAC. The antennae facilitated the vital communication support for
Chandrayaan mission.
2)The URSC ISRO utilized TIFR balloons with special shapes for
testing of the reflector deployment mechanism for the Chandrayaan-3 Lander and
Rover mechanisms.
3)For the Aditya
mission, the indigenous
18-meter antenna set up by ECIL in association with BARC and ISRO at Bylalu village, near Bengaluru plays a significant role in the communication system of Aditya
mission
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3
Ans : d
25)Consider the following :
1)The
Government has initiated steps to increase the nuclear power capacity from 7480
MW to 22480 MW by 2031-32, Union Minister said
2)The annual
electricity generation from nuclear power plants has increased from 35334
Million Units (including infirm) in 2013-14 to 46982 Million Units (including
infirm) in 2022-23. The installed nuclear power capacity in 2013-14 has also
increased from 4780 MW to 7480 MW at present.
3)It is said that the electricity
generation from nuclear power plants in the current year 2023-24 (up to
November 2023) is about 32017 Million Units against the aspirational MoU target
of 52340 Million Units for the year.
4)At present(up to November 2023) 23 nuclear power reactors are installed, he
said. The total electricity generated from nuclear power plants during the last
ten years (2013-14 to 2022-23) was about 411 BUs averting release of about 353
Million Tons of CO2 equivalent to the environment.
5)It is said that construction and commission of ten reactors
totalling 8000 MW is underway in the states of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu,
Haryana, Karnataka and Madhya Pradesh. In addition, pre-project activities in
respect of ten reactors accorded sanction by the Government has been initiated.
These are scheduled for progressive completion by 2031-32. The Government has
accorded in-principle approval to set up 6 x 1208 MW nuclear power plant in
cooperation with the USA at Kovvada in Srikakulam district in the state of
Andhra Pradesh, he said.
6)It is said
that nuclear power generation in the country continued to demonstrate excellent
safety in the last 10 years. Performance landmarks like completion of 50 years
of operation of TAPS 1&2 (presently oldest reactors in the world), setting
of world record in continuous operation by KGS-1 of 962 days were achieved in
the last 10 years.
7)It is said that Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited
(NPCIL) has taken steps to ensure completion of plant shutdown of operating
reactors as per schedule and early start of generation from new units and also
avoiding of any unplanned shutdown to meet the target. PFBR is undergoing
integrated commissioning. Bharatiya Nabhikiya Vidyut Nigam Limited (BHAVINI)
has set milestones against set timeline to reach the target.
8)It is said that close coordination is maintained
with the State Governments during all phases of the construction and subsequent
operations of the Nuclear Power Plants.
9)It is said
that Nuclear Power is a clean and environment friendly base load source of
electricity generation, which is available 24X7. It has huge potential and can
provide the country long term energy security in a sustainable manner.
Expansion of nuclear power capacity will help in the country’s energy
transition for meeting the goal of a net zero economy by 2070.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d)
1,2,3,,4,5,6,7,8 and 9
Ans : d
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
26)Consider the following about India’s three stage
nuclear power programme :
1)The importance of nuclear energy, as a sustainable energy
resource for our country, was recognised at the very inception of our atomic
energy programme in the 1950s.
2)A three-stage nuclear power programme, based on a closed
nuclear fuel cycle, was then chalked out. This was envisaged by linking the
fuel cycle of Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors (PHWR) in the first stage, Fast
Breeder Reactors (FBR) in the second stage and self-sustaining 232Th–233U
reactor systems in the third stage for judicious utilization of India’s
moderate uranium and vast thorium reserves.
3)India is poised for rapid growth in nuclear power capacity
which is essential for meeting the demand for clean energy with practically
zero carbon footprint.
4)Indigenisation of the design and the complete nuclear fuel
cycle has provided technological self-sufficiency in the strategically vital
areas of high-tech manufacture and construction, along with the development of
a huge pool of highly skilled human resources.
5) Nuclear power provides a reliable source of clean energy
to meet the stable base load requirements and, in combination with renewable
sources being increasingly deployed, it can meet the challenging national
targets to combat climate change.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3,,4
and 5
Ans : d
27)Consider the following about DHRUVA research reactor :
1)DHRUVA is a 100 MWth Research Reactor using natural
uranium metal fuel and heavy water as both moderator and coolant which provides
high neutron flux for advanced research in basic sciences and engineering.
“Dhruva”, a truly indigenous reactor, Construction of Dhruva was an important
milestone towards development and implementation of indigenous nuclear reactor
technology in India. Dhruva is an example of a viable system, engineered within
the limited means available.
2)Dhruva Reactor is an outstanding example of what Indian
science, engineering and industry can achieve when compelled to rise to the
occasion.
3) Dhruva is a major source of radioisotopes being
used in the production of radiopharmaceuticals for health care, water resource
development and management using isotope hydrology, nuclear agriculture and
food processing, and in the industry for imaging, nondestructive testing and
evaluation, etc. 4)Refurbishment activities of Dhruva reactor are being planned
to continue its operation till 2045
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3 and
4
Ans : d
28)Consider the following :
1)Terming
the India-U.S. nuclear cooperation envisaged under the nuclear deal two decades
ago as “an important piece of unfinished business”, U.S. Assistant Secretary of
State for Energy Resources Geoffrey R. Pyatt said that there is a “shared
interest” to figure out how the two countries can move forward, both on the
large traditional reactors which were foreseen as part of the nuclear deal but
also importantly the “fantastic new opportunities” that are emerging around
Small and Modular Reactor (SMR) technology.
2)Elaborating
on the civil nuclear
cooperation, Mr. Pyatt referred
to the conversations he had in India, especially at the India-U.S. Forum and
said he found strong interest from Indian companies, including Adani, Tata,
Reliance, Birla, all of whom have expressed interest in using SMRs as part of
their larger decarbonisation strategy.
3)“Now
to move forward on that a couple of things have to happen. One is our companies
in the U.S., companies in India, companies elsewhere have to figure out how to
scale these SMR concepts to take the designs that have been developed and get
them to the stage of regulatory approval and industrial deployment. But the
other thing that will have to happen in India is a revision of law to enable
private companies to participate in the civil nuclear sector as private
utilities do here in the U.S. So, this is going to take time, but it’s a
natural area of convergence,” he said in response to a question while
addressing a virtual press conference.
4)Indian
regulations have held up the Indo-U.S. nuclear deal between Nuclear Power
Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL) and Westinghouse Electric Company (WEC)
for the construction of six nuclear reactors in Kovvada, Andhra Pradesh, eight
years after Modi-Obama announced the nuclear deal is done, and worked a way
around the Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act, 2010.
5)Mr.
Pyatt, who is familiar with India, having served in the U.S. Embassy here, said
what was driven home for him by the “really good” discussions at the India-U.S.
Forum is “how much we have delivered in terms of our strategic cooperation
across the broad range of U.S.-India equities.”
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3,4,5
Ans : d
===================================================================
29)Consider the following about PFBR :
1)An
occasion is arranged on 4.3.2024 to
witness the initiation of the core loading of India’s indigenous 500 Mwe
Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) in the nuclear complex at Kalpakkam,
about 70 km south of Chennai.
2)The
initiation of the core loading of PFBR, developed by BHAVINI (Bharatiya
Nabhikiya Vidyut Nigam Limited), would mark a “historic milestone in India’s
nuclear power programme”.
3)The
PFBR reactor core consists of control
sub-assemblies, blanket sub-assemblies and fuel sub-assemblies. The core
loading activity would include the loading of the reactor control
sub-assemblies, blanket sub-assemblies and fuel sub-assemblies that would
generate power.
4)PFBR
marks the second stage of the three-stage nuclear power programme of the
country with a “closed fuel cycle”, and the spent fuel from the first stage
would be “reprocessed and used as fuel” in FBR.
5)“A
unique feature of this sodium cooled PFBR is that it can produce more fuel
than it consumes, thus helping in achieving self-reliance in fuel supply for
future fast reactors.”
6)With
“minimised nuclear waste” generated from the reactor and advanced safety
features, the FBRs would provide a safe, efficient and clean source of energy
and contribute to the goal of net zero.
7)“This
is an important step for India towards thorium utilisation in the third
stage of the nuclear power programme. Once commissioned, India will be the
second country after Russia to have a commercial operating Fast Reactor.”
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d)
1,2,3,,4,5,6 and 7
Ans : d
===========================================================
30)Consider the following :
1)In a historic
milestone marking entry into the vital second stage of India’s three stage
nuclear program, Prime Minister, witnessed the commencement of “Core Loading” at India’s
first indigenous Fast Breeder Reactor (500 MWe) at Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu.
2)The Hon’ble Prime
Minister took a tour of the Reactor Vault and the Control Room of the Reactor.
He was briefed about the salient features of this reactor.
3)India has developed
comprehensive capabilities spanning the entire spectrum of the nuclear fuel
cycle. Government had approved in 2003, the creation of Bhartiya Nabhikiya
Vidyut Nigam Ltd (BHAVINI) to construct and operate India’s most advanced
nuclear reactor-Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR).
4)In line with the
true spirit of Aatmanirbhar Bharat, PFBR has been fully designed and
constructed indigenously by BHAVINI with significant contribution from more
than 200 Indian industries including MSMEs. Once commissioned, India will
only be the second country after Russia to have commercial operating Fast
Breeder Reactor.
5)The Fast Breeder
Reactor (FBR) will initially use the Uranium-Plutonium Mixed Oxide (MOX) fuel.
The Uranium-238 “blanket” surrounding the fuel core will undergo nuclear
transmutation to produce more fuel, thus earning the name ‘Breeder’. The use of
Throium-232, which in itself is not a fissile material, as a blanket is also
envisaged in this stage. By transmutation, Thorium will create fissile
Uranium-233 which will be used as fuel in the third stage. FBR is thus a
stepping stone for the third stage of the program paving the way for the
eventual full utilization of India’s abundant thorium reserves.
6)In terms of safety,
the PFBR is an advanced third generation reactor with inherent passive safety
features ensuring a prompt and safe shut down of the plant in the event of an
emergency. Since it uses the spent fuel from the first stage, FBR also
offers great advantage in terms of significant reduction in nuclear waste
generated, thereby avoiding the need for large geological disposal facilities.
7)Upon completion of
the core loading, the first approach to criticality will be achieved, leading
to generation of power subsequently.
8)Notably, despite the
advanced technology involved, both the capital cost and the per unit
electricity cost is comparable to other nuclear and conventional power plants.
9)The growth of the
Indian nuclear power program is imperative to meet the twin goals of energy
security and sustainable development. As a responsible nuclear power with
advanced technology, India remains committed to expand peaceful applications of
nuclear technology, both in power and non-power sector, while ensuring the
security of nuclear and radiological materials.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d)
1,2,3,,4,5 and 6
Ans : d
===================================================================
31)Consider the following
about PFBR reactor :
1)India has developed comprehensive capabilities spanning the
entire spectrum of the nuclear fuel cycle.
2)The government had approved in 2003 the creation of
Bhartiya Nabhikiya Vidyut Nigam Ltd. (BHAVINI) to operate India’s most advanced
nuclear reactor-Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR), said a statement.
3)The PFBR has been fully designed and constructed
indigenously by BHAVINI with contributions from 200 Indian industries.
4)Once commissioned, India will be the second country after
Russia to have commercial operating Fast Breeder Reactor.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3 and
4
Ans : d
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