Model Questions (for GS Paper )
Set No. 44
{Prepared on 7 .6.2024 }
APPSC GROUP II MAINS 2024
For
Study purpose only
Prepared by :Praturi
Potayya Sarma,MA(OU),LLB(OU),PGDIRPM
PAPER II
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY :
SPACE RESEARCH
1)Consider
the following about INSAT-3DS :
1)Satellite INSAT-3DS on launch vehicle GSLV-F14, fully funded by the Ministry of Earth Sciences
(MoES), was successfully
launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) from the Satish
Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh, at 1730 hrs. on 17.2.2024
2)INSAT-3DS
will augment the India’s meteorological (weather, climate, and ocean related)
services with the presently operational INSAT-3D and INSAT-3DR in-orbit
satellites.
3)The
newly launched INSAT-3DS satellite aims to enhance the monitoring of Earth’s
surface, atmosphere, oceans, and environment, elevate capabilities in data
collection and dissemination and satellite-aided search and rescue services.
4)The
initiative will boost India’s weather, climate, and ocean-related observations
and services, expanding knowledge and better disaster mitigation and
preparedness in the future.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3 and
4
Ans : d
2)Consider
the following about INSAT-3DS
1)The
51.7-meter (m) tall and 4 m wide Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle
(GSLV)-F14 placed the INSAT-3DS satellite into a geosynchronous transfer orbit,
then to a geosynchronous stationary orbit in space.
2)INSAT-3DS
is configured around ISRO's well-proven I-2k bus platform with a lift-off mass
of 2,275 kilograms. It is equipped with state-of-the-art payloads: (i) an
imager payload with a six-channel optical radiometer to generate images of the
Earth and its environment; (ii) a 19-channel sounder payload to provide
information on the atmosphere; communication payloads, namely (iii) a data
relay transponder to receive meteorological, hydrological and oceanographic
data from automatic data collection platforms, and (iv) a satellite aided
search and rescue transponder that relays a distress signal or alert from
beacon transmitters with global coverage. Indian Industries have significantly
contributed to the making of the INSAT-3DS.
3)Meteorological
data from the INSAT-3DS satellite shall be utilised by institutes of the
Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), namely, India Meteorology Department (IMD),
National Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF), Indian Institute
of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT),
and Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS) and various
Indian agencies to enhance meteorological research and services.
4)This
will boost India’s weather and climate prediction and forecasts, timely alerts
and early warnings, and advisories for public and last mile users such as
fisherfolk and farmers.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3 and
4
Ans : d
3)Consider
the following about Chandrayaan – 3 :
1)LVM3 M4 vehicle successfully launched
Chandrayaan-3 into its precise orbit on 14th July, 2023.
2)On 23rd Aug,
2023, Chandrayaan-3 lander, Vikram, successfully soft-landed on the
Moon. Subsequently, the rover, Pragyan, ramped down on the lunar
surface.
3)Over the next few days,
several experiments, such as measurement of near-surface plasma content,
presence of mineral elements, temperature profile of the lunar topsoil, etc.
were conducted by the onboard payloads.
4)Prime Minister of India visited ISTRAC, Bengaluru on
26th August 2023 to meet ISRO Scientist and applauded the
efforts put by them to achieve the marvellous feat.
5)He declared that 23rd August ie the
landing date of Chandrayaan-3 will be celebrated as National Space Day.
6)He also announced the names of the site on the moon
as Shiv Shakti point (Chandrayaan-3) and Tiranga point (Chandrayaan-2)
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d)
1,2,3,4,5,6
Ans : d
4)Consider the following about SSLV-D2:
1)The second developmental flight of Small Satellite
Launch Vehicle (SSLV), SSLV-D2 was successfully launched on February 10, 2023
at 09:18 hours IST from the first launch pad at SDSC SHAR, Sriharikota.
2)SSLV-D2 injected EOS-07, Janus-1 and AzaadiSAT-2
satellites into 450 km circular orbit, in its 15 minutes’ flight. SSLV can
cater to the launch of up to 500 kg satellites to Low Earth Orbits on
"launch-on-demand" basis.
3)It provides low-cost access to Space, offers low
turn-around time and flexibility in accommodating multiple satellites, and
demands minimal launch infrastructure.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3
Ans : d
5)
Consider the following about Indian Space Policy - 2023 :
1)The Indian Space Policy-2023 was approved by the
Cabinet Committee on Security and released in public domain.
2)The Policy underwent extensive deliberations with
industry groups and inter-ministerial consultations.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 only
(b)2 only
( c ) Both 1
and 2
(d) Neither 1
nor 2
Ans : c
6)Consider the following about Space Economy Leaders
Meeting :
1)Under India's G20 Presidency, the 4th edition
of the Space Economy Leaders Meeting (SELM) was successfully organized by Department
of Space. Ambassadors / Heads of Space Agencies / Representatives attended from
18 G20 nations and 8 friendly countries to deliberate current issues and
opportunities in global Space.
2)The meeting was organised in two phases i.e.
precursor event at Shillong and Main event at Bengaluru.
3)In addition to diplomats, 34 space industries from
abroad and 53 Indian space industries actively participated and showcased their
competencies in the exhibition
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3
Ans : d
7)Consider the following about LVM3 M3/OneWeb India –
2 Mission :
1)Second commercial mission of LVM3 M3/OneWeb
India-2 Mission was successfully accomplished on 26th March,
2023, placing 36 OneWeb satellites into their intended orbit.
2)With this, NSIL successfully executed its contract to
launch 72 satellites of OneWeb to Low Earth Orbit.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 only
(b)2 only
( c ) Both 1
and 2
(d) Neither 1
nor 2
Ans : c
8)Consider the following about RLV LEX:
1)ISRO demonstrated the Reusable Launch Vehicle
Autonomous Landing Mission (RLV LEX) on 2nd April, 2023 at the
Aeronautical Test Range (ATR), Chitradurga, Karnataka.
2)The autonomous landing was carried out under the
exact conditions of a Space Re-entry vehicle's landing "high speed,
unmanned, precise landing from the same return path" as if the vehicle
arrives from space. Landing parameters such as Ground relative velocity, the
sink rate of Landing Gears, and precise body rates, as might be experienced by
an orbital re-entry space vehicle in its return path, were achieved.
3)The RLV LEX demanded several state-of-the-art
technologies including accurate Navigation hardware and software, Pseudolite
system, Ka-band Radar Altimeter, NavIC receiver, indigenous Landing Gear,
Aerofoil honey-comb fins and brake parachute system
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3
Ans : d
9)Consider the following about PSLV-C55/TeLEOS-2
mission :
1)PSLV-C55/TeLEOS-2 mission was successfully
accomplished on 22nd April, 2023.
2)This was a dedicated commercial mission through NSIL
with TeLEOS-2 as primary satellite and Lumelite-4 as a co-passenger satellite.
3)The satellites weigh about 741 kg and 16 kg,
respectively.
4)Both belong to Singapore. They were launched into an
Eastward low inclination orbit
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3 and
4
Ans : d
10)Consider the following about NVS-01 :
1)The mission was successfully accomplished on 29th May,
2023. GSLV deployed the NVS-01 navigation satellite.
2) NVS-01 is the first of the second-generation
satellites envisaged for the Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC)
services.
3)NVS series of satellites will sustain and augment the
NavIC with enhanced features. This series incorporates L1 band signals
additionally to widen the services.
4)For the first time, an indigenous atomic clock will
be flown in NVS-01.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3 and
4
Ans : d
11)Consider the following about Gaganyaan :
1)ISRO successfully tested the Gaganyaan Service Module Propulsion
System (SMPS) on July 19, 2023 at ISRO Propulsion Complex (IPRC) ,
Mahendragiri.
2)This test involved five liquid apogee motor (LAM) engines with a
thrust of 440 N and sixteen reaction control system (RCS) Thrusters with a
thrust of 100 N
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 only
(b)2 only
( c ) Both 1
and 2
(d) Neither 1
nor 2
Ans : c
12)Consider the following about Service Module of
Gaganyaan:
1) The Service Module of Gaganyaan is a regulated bi-propellant based
propulsion system that caters to the requirements of the Orbital Module,
performing orbit injection, circularization, on-orbit control, de-boost
manoeuvring and SM based abort (if any) during the ascent phase.
2)The 440 N Thrust LAM engines provide the main propulsive force during
the mission ascending phase, while the RCS thrusters ensure precise attitude
correction.
3)ISRO successfully carried out two more hot tests on the Gaganyaan Service
Module Propulsion System (SMPS) at ISRO Propulsion Complex (IPRC), Mahendragiri
on July 26, 2023.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3
Ans : d
13)Consider the following about Crew Module in the WSTF :
1)On February 7, 2023, ISRO, along with Indian Navy
carried out initial recovery trials of Crew Module in the Water Survival Test
Facility (WSTF) of the Indian Navy, at Kochi.
2)The trials were part of the preparation for crew
module recovery operations for the Gaganyaan mission that will be carried out
in Indian.
3)As the safe recovery of the crew is the final step to
be accomplished for any successful human spaceflight, it is of paramount
importance and it has to be carried out with the minimum lapse of time. Hence
the recovery procedures for various scenarios need to be extensively practiced
by carrying out a large number of trials.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3
Ans : d
14)Consider the following about DS-SAR satellite:
1)The mission was successfully accomplished on 30th July,
2023.
2)The DS-SAR satellite is developed under a partnership
between DSTA (representing the Government of Singapore) and ST Engineering.
3)Once deployed and operational, it will be used to
support the satellite imagery requirements of various agencies within the
Government of Singapore.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3
Ans : d
15)Consider the following about Aditya-L1:
1)On September 02, 2023, Aditya-L1
spacecraft – India's first solar observatory as launched on board PSLV C57.
Aditya L1 is the first space based Indian mission to study the Sun.
2)The spacecraft will be placed in a halo orbit
around the Lagrange point 1 (L1) of the Sun-Earth system, which is about 1.5
million km from the Earth. A satellite placed in the halo orbit around the L1
point has the major advantage of continuously viewing the Sun without any
occultation/eclipses. This will provide a greater advantage of observing the
solar activities and its effect on space weather in real time.
3)The spacecraft carries seven payloads to observe
the photosphere, chromosphere and the outermost layers of the Sun (the corona)
using electromagnetic and particle and magnetic field detectors.
4)Using the special vantage point L1, four payloads
will directly view the Sun and the remaining three payloads carry out in-situ
studies of particles and fields at the Lagrange point L1, thus providing
important scientific studies of the propagatory effect of solar dynamics in the
interplanetary medium
5)The spacecraft underwent a series of
manoeuvers and is currently on its way to the Sun-Earth Lagrange Point 1(L1),
having escaped the Earth's Sphere of Influence.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d)
1,2,3,4and 5
Ans : d
16)Consider the following about TV-D1 :
1)The first developmental flight of Test Vehicle
(TV-D1) was successfully accomplished with the in-flight abort demonstration of
the Crew Escape System (CES) on October 21, 2023 from FLP, SDSC, Sriharikota.
2)In-flight Abort Demonstration of Crew Escape System
(CES) at Mach number 1.2 with the newly developed Test Vehicle followed by Crew
Module separation & safe recovery was successfully demonstrated.
3)TV-D1 Crew Module was safely recovered from sea
with the help of Indian Navy and transported back to ISITE, Bengaluru.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3
Ans : d
17)Consider the following about YUVIKA-2023 :
1)Young Scientists Programme YUVIKA–2023 was
inaugurated by Chairman ISRO / Secretary DoS Shri S Somanath on May 15, 2023.
2)A total of 352 high school students from all across
country are selected to participate in this two-weeks’ residential programme at
7 ISRO Centres viz. VSSC Trivandrum, SAC Ahmedabad, URSC Bengaluru, SDSC
Sriharikota, NRSC Hyderabad, IIRS Dehradun and NE-SAC Shillong. ISRO's YUVIKA
for high school students concurs with the objectives of National Education
Policy – 2020 for "catching the young" and orienting towards STEM
with a special focus on Space Science and Technology.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 only
(b)2 only
( c ) Both 1
and 2
(d) Neither 1
nor 2
Ans : c
18)Consider the following :
1)During a ceremony at the Willard InterContinental Hotel in
Washington on June 21, 2023 India became the 27th country to
sign the Artemis Accords.
2)NASA Administrator Bill Nelson participated in the
signing ceremony for the agency and Shri Taranjit Singh Sandhu, India’s
Ambassador to the United States, signed on behalf of India.
3)The Artemis Accords establish a practical set of
principles to guide space exploration cooperation among nations, including
those participating in NASA’s Artemis program
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3
Ans : d
19)Consider the following :
1)ISRO participated in Aero India 2023 and established
Indian Space Pavilion during 13th to 17th February,
2023.
2)Key space technologies and
equipment leveraging the defence space were showcased.
3)Exhibits include SSLV, HRLV, Gaganyaan test vehicle,
communication systems, and power systems.
4)The Prime Minister was briefed by the Secretary, DOS
/Chairman of ISRO on recent developments in space and critical technologies
relevant to the defence space industry. DSA, ISpA, 25 start-ups, MSMEs, and
corporates participated in the Defence Space Gallery.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3 and
4
Ans : d
20)Consider the following :
1)IN-SPACe released the Expression of Interest (EOI)
2)It is for transferring the technology for producing
Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV) by industry.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 only
(b)2 only
( c ) Both 1
and 2
(d) Neither 1
nor
Ans : c
21)Consider the following about National Geospatial
Policy – 2022 :
1)ISRO / Department of Space has launched a Capacity
Building Programme on "Geospatial Technologies and Applications" in
tandem with objectives of National Geospatial Policy – 2022 on 21st November
2023.
2)First phase of the capacity building programme on
“Geo-spatial Technologies and Applications” was inaugurated by the Minister of
State, Department of Space, Government of India, in the presence of Secretary, Department of
Space Chairman, Capacity Building
Commission and other senior
dignitaries.
3)58 Participants from 29
Ministries and Departments of Government of India and various State Governments
underwent this one-week programme at RRSC – North, NRSC at New Delhi &
NE-SAC,
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3
Ans : d
22)Consider the following about NSIL :
1)NSIL signed contract with Indian Army for realization of GSAT-7B
satellite and its ground segment
2)NSIL received supply order from DRDO for building 4 satellite flight
model;1 satellite qualification model; launch on-board PSLV and tracking
support
3)Under PMMSY (Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana), NSIL has been
engaged by Dept. of Fisheries for National Rollout plan for installation of
1,00,000 MSS terminal on fishing vessels to establish vessel communication
system for Monitoring, control and surveillance
4)NSIL commenced commercial services on GSAT-24 satellite for M/s TATA
PLAY from 7th Aug 2023 onwards
5)NSIL undertook 2nd demand driven mission for realizing
GSAT-N2 Ka-Ka band HTS satellite of ~ 48Gbps capacity, highest throughput
capacity ever built by ISRO, to meet broadband requirements in the country
including cellular backhaul and Inflight connectivity applications
6)Signed agreement with User for utilization of bulk of GSAT-N2 capacity
7)Signed Agreement with foreign launch service provide for launch during
Q2-2024
8)Successfully accomplished three (3) dedicated Customer satellite
mission Viz. LVM3-M3 / OneWeb India-2 Mission, PSLV-C55/TeLEOS-2 Mission and
PSLV-C56/DS-SAR Mission
9)During 2023, NSIL successfully accomplished launch of 46 International
Customer satellites onboard PSLV, LVM3 and SSLV
10)During 2023, NSIL has provided Three Launch Vehicle Tracking Supports
and Two Launch and Early Orbit Phase (LEOP) support to International Customers
as part of Mission support services
11)During 2023, NSIL has signed 15 Technology Transfer Agreements for
transferring ISRO developed Technologies to Industry
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d)
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 and 11
Ans : d
23)Consider
the following about Indian Space Economy :
1)The
number of Space Start-Ups have gone up, from just 1 in 2014 to 189 in 2023 as
per DPIIT Start-Up India Portal, Union Minister said .
2)The
investment in Indian Space Start-Ups has increased to $ 124.7 Million in 2023
3)The Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) Science
& Technology; MoS PMO, Personnel, Public Grievances, Pensions, Atomic
Energy and Space, said this in a written reply .
4)The current size of the Indian Space Economy is estimated
around $8.4 billion (around 2-3% of global space economy) and it is expected
that with the implementation of the Indian Space Policy 2023, $44 billion
Indian space economy can be achieved by the year 2033. The role of the private
sector will be prime to achieve the expected economy figure. It is expected
that private sector will take up independently end to end solution in satellite
manufacturing, launch vehicle manufacturing, provide satellite services, and
manufacture ground systems.
5)In a separate reply, it is said, presently, FDI in
space sector is allowed under Government route for satellite establishment and
operations. In order to promote Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Space
Sector, the Department of Space in consultation with DPIIT is in the process of
reviewing the FDI policy guidelines of space sector, he said.
6)it
is said, some Non-Government Entities
(NGEs) launched their own satellites. Many other Space Industries and Start-Ups
are also building their own Satellites & constellations. These satellites
shall contribute to applications in agriculture, disaster management,
environmental monitoring, etc.
7)It
is said, while one NGE launched their sub-orbital launch vehicle, a private
launchpad and mission control centre has been established within the ISRO
campus for the first time by an NGE. Sub-orbital launch by that NGE is
scheduled shortly. The government has announced the Indian Space Policy 2023,
which enables end-to-end participation of NGEs in all domain of space
activities.
8)it
is enumerated the following other developments and impact in the space sector:
i)Private companies are exploring satellite-based
communication solutions. Private players are increasingly participating
in space-based applications and services.
ii)Satellite integration and testing facilities are coming
up in private sector.
iii)The local manufacturing of the satellite subsystems and
Ground systems are being taken up by private sector.
iv)Indian private space companies are increasingly entering
into collaborations and partnerships with international space organizations and
companies.
9)It
is said, efforts that are being taken in reaching out to the academic community
as well as young startups through handholding, ecosystem support and funding in
the country’s backward areas are as follows:
i)A national committee for adoption of
space technology education in India is formed by IN-SPACe, with an aim to
facilitate and promote the integration of space technology education across
academic institutions in India, fostering awareness, skill development and
research.
ii)List of retired ISRO subject experts
is published on IN-SPACe Digital Platform (IDP). NGEs can approach these
mentors directly for expert advice etc.
iii)Periodically invite willingness
from the technocrats having experience in space sector as mentors and connect
them to NGEs.
iv)To encourage Students/Academic
Institutions to carry out space activities, a committee has been constituted
which will evaluate their proposal and provide necessary guidance.
v)In order to develop quality manpower
in the space sector, IN-SPACe is periodically organising skill development
short term courses in association with ISRO along with Seed Fund Scheme.
10)It
is said, various schemes to encourage and hand hold private sector also
announced and implemented by IN-SPACe, i.e., Seed Fund Scheme, Pricing Support
Policy, Mentorship support, Design Lab for NGEs, Skill Development in Space
Sector, ISRO facility utilization support, Technology Transfer to NGEs.
11)IN-SPACe
has signed around 45 MoUs with NGEs to provide necessary support for
realization of space systems and applications envisaged by such NGEs, which is
expected to increase the industry participation in manufacturing of launch
vehicles and satellites, he said.
12)It
is said, there are several industry
associations in the country related to space sector, the Indian Space
Association (ISpA) being one among them. The activities being carried out by
such industry associations does not come under the purview of government.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d)
1,2,3,,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11 and 12
Ans : d
24)Consider
the following :
1)The
number of foreign and domestic satellites launched by India during period
2014-23 were 396 and 70 respectively, Union Minister said, while the number of foreign and domestic
satellites launched by India during period 2003-13 were 33 and 31 respectively.
2)In a written reply the Union Minister said the revenue generated from satellite
launches during decade 2014-23 is USD157 Million and 260 Million Euros. The
corresponding figure during decade 2003-13 were USD15 Million and 32 Million
Euros, he said.
3)It is said, annual Budget allocated to Department of Space
has grown from Rs. 6,792 Crores for FY 2013-14 to Rs. 12,544 Crores for FY
2023-24.
4)As
per various global estimates and news outlets, the sector is projected to grow
at 6-8% in coming years, it is said.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3 and
4
Ans : d
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
25)Consider
the following about Chandrayaan - 2:
1)On 6th
September 2019, when the Vikram lander of Chandrayaan-2 lost its orientation
just 500 metres away from its landing site on the lunar surface and instead
crash landed on the moon, it was a moment that brought tears to the eyes of a
billion plus Indians across the globe who sat glued to their TVs.
2) A Failure
Analysis Committee later pointed out the reasons including last-minute software
glitches. Hopefully the soon-to-be-launched Chnadrayaan-3 will take useful
lessons from this failure.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 only
(b)2 only
( c ) Both 1
and 2
(d) Neither 1
nor 2
Ans : c
26)Consider
the following about MOM :
1)The 2013 Mars Obiter Mission has convincingly
demonstrated India’s technological capability for deep space communication,
navigation, and autonomous mission planning and management, besides indigenous
design and development of autonomous spacecraft.
2) It is India's
first interplanetary mission
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 only
(b)2 only
( c ) Both 1
and 2
(d) Neither 1
nor 2
Ans : c
27)Consider
the following about AstroSat :
1)AstroSat - the first dedicated Indian
astronomy mission launched in 2015 with the objective of studying
simultaneously the celestial sources in X-ray, optical and UV spectral bands -
carried payloads to measure the energy bands of near and far Ultraviolet,
optical and X-ray bands between 0.3 keV to 100 keV with a single satellite,
putting India in an exclusive club of few countries that possessed such
multiwavelength space observatories.
2)The
indigenously developed capabilities for miniaturisation and indigenisation of
subsystems used in rockets and satellites led to the advanced satellite-based
NavIC, or Navigation Indian Constellation of seven satellites, positioned in
space with a unique configuration to provide position and navigation services
with an accuracy of 5-10 meters, compared to 20 metres for the GPS.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 only
(b)2 only
( c ) Both 1
and 2
(d)
Neither 1 nor 2
Ans : c
28)Consider
the following :
1)The SATCOM
satellites and navigation systems like SATNAV that uses satellites to provide
autonomous geo-positioning have revolutionised satellites communication,
navigation and Earth observation capabilities and vastly improved our
telecommunication networks, enabling improvement of people’s lives through
tele-medicine, tele-education and many specific mobile app-based applications
for providing information to farmers, fishermen etc.
2)The
indigenously developed Earth observation and geo-spatial applications have
enabled Direct-To-Home (DTH) telecasting, mapping and monitoring of
water-bodies spread across the country, wastelands and various crops under
cultivation, besides providing advance disaster warnings like cyclones that now
enables timely evacuation and saving of numerous lives.
3) Mastering
of critical technologies and establishment of infrastructure for casting large
boosters, liquid propellant engines, heavy cryogenic boosters for advanced
heavier launchers etc. at unbelievably low-costs have made ISRO the envy of
many countries including the advanced ones.
4)It is today
a significant forex earner for the country as it launches satellites for global
clients today through its commercial arm, the New Space India Limited (NSIL)
which is a PSU under the Department of Space.
5)It has
earned $279 million in foreign exchange during 2022-23 and has so far launched
345 foreign satellites from 34 countries into space on-board its Polar
Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV).
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3,4
and 5
Ans : d
29)Consider
the following :
1)Despite all
these milestones and monumental feats achieved in the rather short span of time
ever since India’s first satellite Aryabhata was launched in 1975, followed by
India’s first indigenously-built remote-sensing satellite Bhaskara-I in 1979,
India has been a laggard in space exploration.
2)The three
space powers - the USA, Russia and China - are already far ahead of India.
3)With its
space Industry was valued at $9.6 billion in 2020, estimated to grow to $13
billion by 2025, and only 0.4% contribution to the country's GDP, India
currently commands only 2 percent of the Global space economy dominated by the
USA with over 50 percent share.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3
Ans : d
30)Consider the
following Indian Space Policy, 2023:
1)The size of
India’s space economy is small and mostly government funded, while the USA,
Europe and Russia all have big private sector players like SpaceX, Virgin
Galactic, Blue Origin, etc.
2)There is a
huge potential for India to leverage its cost-effectiveness in the space sector
and claim much larger shares of the global space economy, estimated at a
staggering $464 billion in 2022.
3)To
establish an ecosystem for harnessing this huge potential, the government
adopted the Indian Space Policy in 2023, which outlines the features of India’s
space programme for using space as a driver of technology development and
allied benefits for socio-economic development, security, protection of
environment and for the peaceful exploration of outer space. Besides
encouraging advanced R&D and services using space technology, it also aims
to create a stable and predictable regulatory framework to provide a level
playing field to all layers.
4) The
ecosystem for space will comprise, besides ISRO and NSIL, a third entity called
IN-SPACe - Indian National Space Promotion & Authorisation Centre - which
will function as an autonomous Government organization for guiding and
promoting all space activities in the country, to act as a single window agency
for the authorisation of space activities by government as well as private
sector entities
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3 and
4
Ans : d
31)Consider
the following :
1)As we know,
every technology has dual use. Even though peaceful exploration of space
remains the focus of India’s space programmes, consideration of national
security makes it imperative to see what other major space players are doing in
space which are not always for peaceful purposes.
2)In November
2021, Russia launched a Direct Ascent Anti-Satellite Missile (DR-ASAT) to
destroy its own defunct satellite, Kosmos 1408, littering space with 1500
pieces of microscopic debris which posed an immediate danger to both the
Chinese space station Tiangong and the International Space Station (ISS).
3)Russia was
not the first nation to conduct an ASAT, China in 2007, USA in 2008, and even
India in 2019 had conducted the same
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3
Ans : d
32)Consider
the following:
1)But the
increasing frequency of such tests by space-faring nations indicates the
increasing militarisation and weaponisation of space.
2)Space has
long been used for communication, tracking, imagery, positioning, navigation
and satellite-surveillance; many of these activities have potentials for
military uses and some countries have developed comprehensive space-based
architecture to facilitate military activities on the ground.
3)While
militarisation of space is pretty old – even during the World War II, Germans
had used their V2 rockets for military purposes - weaponisation is a recent
phenomenon; it involves putting weapons with significant destructive potentials
in space or on celestial bodies.
4)Space
weapons can target enemy assets like satellites or weapons systems in space
either from the Earth or from systems placed in orbits above the Earth. Space
weapons generally fall in two categories: Directed-Energy Weapon (DEW) and
Kinetic-Energy Weapon (KEW). A DEW seeks to destroy its target with focused
energy of lasers, microwaves, particle beams, etc., while a KEW does so by
firing projectiles from space towards the Earth, acquiring their destructive
powers through kinetic energy simply by falling at high velocities.
5)These
projectiles can be as basic as metal rods, or as advanced as a Multiple
Independently Targetable Re-Entry Vehicle (MIRV) - a missile payload that
contains multiple warheads capable of striking multiple targets simultaneously.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3,4
and 5
Ans : d
33)Consider
the following :
1)According
to a June 2021 research study by Claire Mills and others titled “Militarisation
of Space” and published by the House of Commons Library, UK, there are 3,372
satellites in space, of which 2,612 (77 per cent) are in low Earth orbit (LEO,
up to 2000 kms above the Earth).
2)562 more
are in geosynchronous Earth orbit (GEO, at 35786 kms distance), also known as
geostationary orbit as a satellite here appears stationary to an observer on
the Earth due to the same orbital period.
3)Only 139
are in medium Earth orbit (MEO, between the LEO and the GEO). 516 of all these
satellites are estimated to have military or dual-use purposes, and over half
of these – 265 – are in LEO, where their low altitude coupled with short
orbital periods make them ideal for Earth observation and surveillance.
4)The USA
leads the constellation of satellites with 1878 satellites, followed by China
(405), Russia (174), UK (166), Japan (82) and India (60).
5)As of
February 2022, India had only 53 operational satellites in space.
6)Space also
has substantial litter, corpses of nearly 3000 satellites purposelessly roam
the loneliness of space, besides 34000 pieces of junk exceeding 10 cms in size.
All these orbiting bodies pose significant risk to future satellites.
7) Some
countries like Japan are trying to cleanse space of such debris by using lasers
to push them back into the terrestrial atmosphere where they will automatically
burn up
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d)
1,2,3,4,5,6,7
Ans : d
35)Consider
the following about Global Common:
1)International
law classifies outer space as a 'Global Common’, meaning outside of any
country's national jurisdiction and hence to be governed only by international
legislation.
2)The high
oceans, Antarctica, and even cyberspace are examples of Global Common, in
respect of some of which there are international treaties.
3)International
law, including the Charter of the United Nations, applies to outer space and
celestial bodies, which are free for exploration and use by all nations in
conformity with the international law.
4)Activities
in space are regulated by the United Nations Outer Space Treaty (OST) of 1967
which has been ratified by 111 nations.
5)As per
Article II of the treaty, “Outer space, including the moon and other celestial
bodies, is not subject to national appropriation by claim of sovereignty, by
means of use or occupation, or by any other means.”
6)Article IV
of OST prohibits the “establishment of military bases, installations and
fortifications, the testing of any type of weapons and the conduct of military
manoeuvres on celestial bodies” while binding nations not to “place in orbit
around the Earth any objects carrying nuclear weapons or any other kinds of
weapons of mass destruction, or install such weapons on celestial bodies, or station
such weapons in outer space in any other manner”.
7)The
responsibility for this lies with United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs
(UNOOSA), which lacks the necessary legal authority or even the institutional
capacity to enforce it. In the absence of any effective enforcement mechanism,
it is left to the discretion of individual countries who would be more inclined
to put their own national interests over the interests of the global common.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d)
1,2,3,4,5,6 and 7
Ans : d
36)Consider
the following about Moon Agreement :
1)Another
agreement in 1979, the Moon Agreement, similarly forbids the use of moon for
military purposes or its weaponisation, but this treaty has been ratified by
only 18 countries, which includes no spacefaring nation. The big three space
powers –USA, Russia and China - have not even signed it.
2)India and
France had signed the treaty in 1980 but haven’t ratified it so far. As the
space race heats up, it becomes even more necessary to bring nations together
into negotiation leading to agreements about the peaceful use of space.
3)So far
there is not even an agreement on where the Earth ends and the space begins,
e.g., NASA defines space to begin at 80 kms above the sea level on Earth, while
some other organisation defines it at 100 kms.
4)If
countries cannot even agree on the distance at which space begins, implications
may indeed be serious. As Tim Marshal says in his book, “The Power of
Geography”, (Elliott & Thompson, 2021), if nation ‘A’ believes that space
begins at 80 kms and nation ‘B’ believes it begins at 100 kms, then if ‘A’
flies its satellite over ‘B’ at 90 kms, the latter can shoot it down.
5)The OST did
not even define ‘peaceful purpose’; Russia wants it to mean that all
militaryrelated activities should be illegal, while USA asserts that military
purposes are lawful as long as they remain ‘nonaggressive’, which as per the UN
Charter means activities that prohibit ‘the threat or use of force’, a
definition that leads to multiple contradictions. This ambiguity was sought to
have been removed by the Moon Treaty which remains inoperative in the absence
of ratification by a majority of nations.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3,4
and 5
Ans : d
37)Consider
the following :
1)The rising
economic activity between the Moon and the Earth, an area called Cislunar, will
make it imperative for spacefaring nations to establish military presence on
the lunar surface.
2)Nations
like France, USA, Russia and China have already created separate Space Divisions
in their military for protection of their space assets which may trigger an
arms race in space.
3)The US
Space Force created in 2019 by President Donald Trump is based on the dictum
that “Space is a war-fighting domain”. China, after creating a Defence Space
Force in 2015 as part of the People’s Liberation Army’s Strategic Support Force
incorporating cyber and electronic warfare, brought out a White Paper in 2016,
setting out its long-term strategic goal of becoming a “space power”. As an
aspiring space power with demonstrated capability, India cannot afford to
remain behind, especially in view of the extraordinary increases in Chinese
space assets and its unconcealed ambition to rule space.
4) Russia
has already tested its hypersonic missile, Kinzhal, in 2021 and even used it in
its ongoing war with Ukraine; USA and China are also close in the race to
develop such missiles. These missiles fly at more than 20 times the speed of
sound and can change their direction and altitude making it difficult to intercept
them.
5)Since
hypersonic missiles depend on satellites to operate, and since satellites are
not only essential for civil and military communications but are also crucial
for detecting and notifying missile attacks, each country would like to develop
the capability to strike the other’s satellites.
6)China has
been reported to have developed a microwave device called “Relativistic
Klystron Amplifier” (RKA) that can jam or destroy satellites in space by
generating 5-MW wave-bursts; RKAs can even be mounted on satellites to destroy
targets in space like any other DEW.
7)There are
also reports of satellites of one nation stalking the satellites of other
nations, like in 2020 when Russia’s Kosmos 2542 military satellite was reported
to have stalked the American satellite USA 245, besides conducting what is
believed to be a ‘weapon test’ by firing a high-speed projectile.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d)
1,2,3,4,5,6 and 7
Ans : d
38)Consider
the following about space and its territories for satellites:
1)In
“Astropolitik: Classical Geopolitics in the Space Age” (Routledge, 2001),
Professor Everett Carl Dolman from the US Air Force's Air Command and Staff
College applied Halford Mackinder’s famous Heartland Theory of 1904 to space. 2)Space,
according to him, is not featureless but has “a rich vista of gravitational
mountains and valleys, oceans and rivers of resources and energy”.
3)Dolman
divided space into four territories: (1) Terra, surrounding the Earth and up to
the limit where a spacecraft can orbit without being powered, (2) Earth Space,
up to the GEO, (3) Lunar Space, up to the lunar orbit and (4) the unlimited
Solar Space, beyond the lunar orbit.
4)In
Mackinder’s Theory, Heartland was a region around the then Russian Empire.
Mackinder postulated that whoever controls East Europe controls the Heartland
and whoever controls the Heartland controls the world.
5)Dolman’s
version was that whoever controls LEO controls the near-Earth space; whoever
controls the near-Earth space controls the Terra and whoever “dominates Terra
determines the destiny of mankind.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3,4
and 5
Ans : d
39)Consider
the following about LEO :
1)As Tim
Marshal corroborates in his book, in the previous centuries, dominance on Earth
was decided by controlling the sea routes. Air power was added in the last
century and in this century, it would likely be space power, for which the
ability to place military assets in space – especially in the LEO – will become
the determining factor.
2)LEO is also
the area where any spacecraft travelling to the Moon and beyond can be
refuelled and resupplied, and refuelling will be necessity if distant planets
like Mars or asteroids are to be explored for energy and mineral resources.
3)Hence
whoever controls this corridor will become a gatekeeper to the outer space
beyond, and can prevent a rival from refuelling within it. It is just like what
is happening currently on Earth in the Ukraine War – Turkey, a NATO member
which is gatekeeper to the Black Sea, has restricted Russian warships to sail
from the Mediterranean to the Black Sea through the Bosphorus Strait.
4)LEO also
assumes significance, as Marshal points out, for commercial considerations. A technology
to deflect solar energy upon the Earth for power generation using a vast array
of solar reflectors will likely be placed on the LEO. Given this is also where
spaceships would need refuelling, a gatekeeper can easily charge a fee to allow
any spaceship to travel beyond for mining or exploration purposes
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3 and
4
Ans : d
40)Consider
the following :
1)Just like
on the Earth, space also can become an arena for intense competition. Five
points denoted by L1, L2, L3, L4 and L5, known as the Lagrange’s Points,
surround the Earth where the gravitational forces of the Sun and the Earth
cancel each other out, giving stability to a spacecraft placed therein while
requiring minimal energy to keep it there.
2) Two of
these points allow commanding views of the belts containing satellites and one
in particular, L2, where the giant James Webb Space Telescope was positioned
last year, is directly behind the Earth in the line joining the Sun and the
Earth.
3)This is
also where China has placed a satellite recently, allowing it to view the dark
side of the moon where it is also contemplating to establish a military base.
All these points will become objects of intense competition for the strategic
advantages they confer.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3
Ans : d
41)Consider
the following :
1)Regarding
the use of space as a military domain, the existing international treaties are
clearly insufficient, and the past efforts for disarmament of space through
international consensus have so far met with little success.
2)Realising
this, in November 2021, the UN General Assembly approved a resolution seeking
to appoint a new open-ended working group to develop rules for military
activities in space.
3)But rules
can be enforced only when several countries have developed enough capability to
deter each other from using them, like nuclear weapons. This makes it
imperative for India also to focus on developing space weapon systems and try
catching up with China which is already far ahead of us in space technology.
Only then can any UN mediated negotiation for a weapons-free space carry some
meaning.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3
Ans : d
==================================================================================
42)Consider
the following about Chandrayaan - 3 :
1)As the
clock struck 2.35 p.m., the finest of Indian scientists associated with the
Chandrayaan 3 mission looked on with bated breath, holding on to their
emotions, as Chandrayaan 3 was successfully launched and propelled into the
space by a 640 tonne, 43.5 metre tall Launch Vehicle Mark 3 (LVM3) rocket.
2)The
spacecraft entered the lunar orbit on August 1,2023 subsequent soft landing on
August 23 (now declared as National Space Day), become the first ever in the
world to land near the Mutus crater in the south polar region (300 km.
from the south pole at 70 degrees latitude), which is also the dark side of
the Moon.
3)None of the
previous missions by other countries landed in this region, preferring the
sunny, equatorial side and made its power descent and
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3
Ans : d
43)Consider
the following :
1)Humanity’s
fascination with the moon has persisted throughout the ages, beckoning us to
uncover its hidden truths and unravel the mysteries of our universe.
2) USA,
Russia and China took the lead by sending manned and unmanned spaceships to the
moon.
3)The Indian
story began when the Indian Academy of Sciences and the Astronautical Society
of India advocated for a scientific mission to the moon in 1999, leading to the
establishment of the National Lunar Mission Task Force by the Indian Space
Research Organisation (ISRO) in 2000.
4)Expertise
and technical capabilities were assessed, paving the way for the approval of an
Indian probe to the Moon by the government in November 2003. And thus began
India’s scientific romance with the moon marking a significant milestone in
India’s space program
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3 and
4
Ans : d
44)Consider
the following about Chandrayaan - 1:
1)In 2008,
Chandrayaan 1 propelled the nation into the league of countries venturing
beyond Earth’s boundaries and ignited the imagination of scientists and
dreamers alike.
2) Despite
facing technical issues and ultimately ceasing communication after 312 days
instead of the intended two-year mission, Chandrayaan-1 achieved significant
milestones.
3) It
produced a complete map of the moon’s chemical composition and topography, and
one of its most groundbreaking discoveries was the widespread presence of water
molecules in lunar soil.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3
Ans : d
45)Consider
the following about Chandrayaan - 2 :
1)The
subsequent mission, Chandrayaan2, launched in 2019, aimed to build upon these
achievements and further explore the moon’s mysteries.
2)It
comprised a lunar orbiter, a lander named Vikram, and the Pragyan rover.
3)The goal
was to land on the moon’s south polar region and conduct scientific experiments
to study lunar surface variations and the abundance of water.
4)Unfortunately,
during the landing attempt, the lander deviated from its intended trajectory
and crashed. A software glitch was identified as the cause of the failure.
5)Despite the
disappointment, it served as a catalyst for even greater determination and
innovation. Scientists and engineers tirelessly analysed the mission’s data and
identified areas for improvement, fuelling the ambition to try once again.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3,4
and 5
Ans : d
46)Consider
the following about Chandrayaan - 3:
1)Building
upon the achievements of its predecessors, Chandrayaan-3 is poised to unravel
the secrets of our celestial neighbour in even greater detail.
2)In the
Chandrayaan-3, lessons learnt from the previous mission have been incorporated
into its design.
3)The mission
has refined the landing techniques. In contrast to the previous versions
Chandrayaan 3 has been modelled to be failure-based, i.e. all possible failures
have been considered and an in-built backup has been provided for it.
4)One of the
prime reason for crashing of the lander of Chandrayaan 2 was the limited area
of 500m x 500 m, available to it for manoeuvring in case of errors.
5)The marked
landing area has now been expanded to 4km. x 2.5 km. In addition, the chances
of a successful touchdown on the Moon’s surface have also increased by
including advanced scientific instrumentation
6)The mission
set forth with a multifaceted approach, aiming to enhance our understanding of
the lunar surface, its mineral composition, and the presence of water ice.
7)By
conducting extensive scientific experiments, Chandrayaan-3 aims to contribute
to the global knowledge of lunar science, advancing our understanding of the
moon’s origin, geological evolution, and potential for future human
exploration.
8)By
analysing the data collected by the lander and rover, scientists will be able
to gain valuable insights into the moon’s geological processes and its
potential as a resourcerich celestial body. Understanding the distribution and
abundance of minerals and water on the moon can have profound implications for
future human space exploration and even the establishment of lunar colonies.
9)Furthermore,
Chandrayaan-3 aims to study the moon’s geology and its seismic activity.
10)By
deploying a seismometer, scientists can detect and analyse moonquakes,
providing valuable information about the moon’s internal structure and its
geological processes. This knowledge can help us better understand the moon’s
formation and evolution, shedding light on the early history of our solar system
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d)
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 and 10
Ans : d
47)Consider
the following about Chandrayaan - 3:
The mission’s
objectives can be summarized into three primary goals.
1) Firstly,
Chandrayaan-3 aim to demonstrate safe and soft landing on the lunar surface
which it has successfully accomplished, becoming the fourth nation ever to do
so. This crucial achievement showcases India’s capability to execute precise
and controlled landings, laying the foundation for future missions involving
manned landings or resource utilization on the moon.
2)Secondly,
the mission seeks to showcase the mobility and in-situ exploration capabilities
of the rover on the lunar surface. By roving across the landing site, the rover
will enable extensive scientific analysis and mapping, providing valuable data
on the moon’s topography, surface features, and potential resources. This will
pave the way for future missions that involve surface mobility and resource utilization.
3)Lastly,
Chandrayaan-3 carries a suite of scientific payloads to conduct in-situ
experiments and gather data on various lunar phenomena. These experiments will
provide valuable insights into the moon’s composition, geology, and
environment. Advanced technologies have been incorporated into the lander module,
including laser and RF based altimeters for precise altitude measurements,
laser Doppler velocimeters for velocity measurements, propulsion systems,
landing leg mechanisms and inertial measurement systems for accurate
positioning and orientation.
4)The
propulsion system, consisting of throttle able liquid engines and attitude
thrusters, ensures precise control during descent. Navigation, guidance, and
control systems are responsible for designing the powered descent trajectory,
while hazard detection and avoidance cameras and processing algorithms help identify and avoid
potential obstacles during landing. These technologies enable safe landing,
precise positioning, and mobility on the lunar surface.
5) In an
interview to a mainline newspaper, it is stated that ‘the aim of the mission is
to study all geo-physical characteristics of the lunar surface, study the so
far unexplored south pole, and conduct thermal characteristics on the surface (in
the first 10 cms.) of the moon.’
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3,4
and 5
Ans : d
48)Consider
the following about LVM3 for Chandrayaan
- 3:
1)Chandrayaan-3
needs the Launch Vehicle Mark-III (LVM3) rocket to reach space because it acts
like a taxi for the spacecraft.
2)Just as a
taxi carries people, the LVM3 rocket carries the spacecraft into space.
3)Rockets
like the LVM3 have powerful engines that generate the energy needed to overcome
Earth’s gravity and lift heavy objects, including the spacecraft. Without a
rocket, the spacecraft cannot make its journey to the Moon
4)The
LVM3 rocket is India’s heaviest rocket, weighing 640 tonnes and standing at a
height of 43.5 meters.
It has a payload fairing, which acts as a shield for the cargo carried by the
rocket. The fairing is crucial for protecting satellites, maintaining an
optimal temperature, and shielding against acoustic vibrations. It plays a
vital role in successful satellite deployments, considering launch costs and
orbit injection precision.
5)The LVM3
rocket’s fairing has a diameter of 5 meters. It can carry payloads weighing up
to 8 tonnes to lower Earth orbits (LEO) around 200 kilometres above the Earth’s
surface. However, for geostationary transfer orbits (GTO) about 35,000
kilometres from Earth, it can carry a lesser payload of approximately 4 tonnes
6)Despite its
impressive weight, the LVM3 is a robust rocket compared to those used by other
countries and space organizations for similar missions. For example, the
European Space Agency’s Ariane 5 rocket weighs 780 tonnes and can carry 20
tonnes to LEO and 10 tonnes to GTO. The LVM3 has successfully completed
missions, including launching Chandrayaan-2 in 2019 and a fleet of 36 One Web satellites
in 2022.
7)It is a
three-stage rocket, consisting of two solid boosters (S200), a liquid-fuelled
core stage (L110), and a cryogenic upper stage (C25). The boosters burn for
about 134 seconds before separating, followed by the ignition of the core stage
at around 113 seconds. The payload fairing is jettisoned at approximately 217
seconds. After 313 seconds, the core stage separates, allowing the cryogenic
upper stage to ignite. Finally, around 974 seconds into the flight, the
spacecraft is injected into a Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO) with
dimensions of 180 x 36,000 kilometres.
8)The
Chandrayaan-3 mission represents a significant leap in our understanding of the
universe and embodies humanity’s ambition to explore the unknown. It showcases
the dedication of scientists, engineers, and space enthusiasts to unravel the
mysteries beyond Earth’s atmosphere. The recent mating of the Chandrayaan-3
spacecraft with the LVM3 rocket brings us closer to this exciting mission,
continuing India’s inspiring journey of space exploration and scientific
progress.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d)
1,2,3,4,5,6,7 and 8
Ans : d
49)Consider
the following abut Chandrayaan - 3 :
1)To achieve
its ambitious goals, Chandrayaan-3 comprises several crucial components working
in synchronised manner as a team.
2) The
mission components include an Orbiter or Propulsion module (PM), a Lander
module (LM) named Vikram, and a Rover named Pragyan, all working together in
tandem to develop and demonstrate new technologies required for future
interplanetary missions. Each equipped with cutting-edge instruments and
sensors to collect invaluable data about the moon’s environment
3)The orbiter
or the Propulsion Module will carry the Lander and Rover configuration from the
launch vehicle to a circular lunar orbit trajectory of 100 kilometres and
serves as the communication link, allowing us to stay connected with the
mission from Earth. It will orbit the moon, collecting valuable data and transmitting
it back to scientists for analysis.
4)Once the
Lander is separated from the Propulsion module, the latter will continue to
operate with its own scientific payload, known as Spectro-polarimetry of
Habitable Planet Earth (SHAPE), which will study the spectral and polarimetric
measurements of Earth from the lunar orbit, enabling further understanding of
our home planet.
5)There are
six steps involved from the launch from Sriharikota to landing on the Moon. The
first step was the launch itself. The second step involved injecting it into an
Earth parking orbit during the ‘Earth Manoeuvre Phase. The third step involved
a series of manoeuvres to raise the orbit of Chandrayaan 3 and place it in the
lunar transfer trajectory. The fourth step began with the spacecraft entering
the Moon’s sphere of gravitational influence. Here the thrusters reduced its
speed for lunar capture. In the fifth step the orbit of the spacecraft around
the moon circularised to 100 kms. by 100 kms. involving a series of complex orbital
manoeuvres aided by the thrusters on the propulsion module. The sixth and the
last step was taken on the day of the landing when the lander separated from
the orbiter and performed a series of manoeuvres.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3,4
and 5
Ans : d
50)Consider
the following about Chandrayaan - 3:
1)The 1,724
kg. lander, Vikram, builtwith precision and equipped with a suite of scientific
instruments and technology demonstrators, gently touched down on the lunar
surface on 23rd August 2023.
2) Vikram
includes some upgrades to the lander (of Chanrayaan 2)—a bigger fuel tank,
solar panels on all four sides instead of just two, additional navigation
instruments, updated software, additional strength tests and more. Its payloads
include a seismometer to study moonquakes, a thermal probe to analyse the lunar
surface’s temperature, and instruments to measure the moon’s elemental
composition and map its mysterious surface.
3)One of the
most exciting payloads is a high-resolution camera that has captured stunning
images of the moon, revealing its geological features in unprecedented detail.
The safe landing and roving capabilities demonstrated by Chandrayaan-3 will
contribute to the development of advanced technologies necessary for future
human space exploration, offering invaluable insights for the scientific
community and inspiring generations to reach for the stars
4)The lander
that touched down gently on the lunar surface was specifically programmed to do
so. Built with precision, carrying a suite of scientific instruments and
technology demonstrators as payload to study the moon’s geology, composition,
and atmosphere. Each payload serves a unique purpose in unravelling the Moon’s
mysteries. The Lander module of Chandrayaan-3 is equipped with several
scientific payloads aimed at studying various aspects of the lunar surface.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3 and
4
Ans : d
51)Consider the
following about Chandrayaan - 3 :
1)Chandra’s
Surface Thermophysical Experiment (ChaSTE): This payload is designed to measure
the thermal conductivity and temperature of the lunar surface in the vicinity
of the landing site. By analysing these properties, scientists can gain
insights into the geological characteristics of the Moon
2) Instrument
for Lunar Seismic Activity (ILSA): ILSA will help measure the seismicity around
the landing site, enabling scientists to study the structure of the lunar crust
and mantle. Understanding the Moon’s seismic activity is crucial for unravelling
its geological evolution.
3)Langmuir
Probe (LP): LP is a device that will estimate the plasma density and its
variations near the lunar surface. By studying the near-surface plasma
environment, researchers can gain valuable information about the Moon’s
ionosphere and its interaction with the solar wind
4)Passive
Laser Retroreflector Array: Accommodated from NASA, this array is used for
lunar laser ranging studies. It provides precise measurements of the distance
between Earth and the Moon, allowing scientists to study the dynamics of the
Earth-Moon system.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3 and
4
Ans : d
52)Consider
the following about Chandrayaan - 3:
1)The lander
also carries a 26 kg. robotic rover Pragyan, to explore the lunar surface.
2)After the
Chandrayaan-3 lander softly touched down on the Moon, ramps were deployed to
facilitate the rover’s exit. A wire connection between the lander and rover was
snapped once stability was achieved on the lunar surface. The rover’s release
marked the continuation of the mission’s scientific objectives to study the
Moon’s mysteries.
3)Pragyan’s
rollout was facilitated by a two-segment ramp, and it was powered by a solar
panel to generate its required energy. The rover’s deployment was carefully
considered, taking into account factors such as temperature levels, incline,
and dust conditions. During most of the day, Pragyan recharged its batteries
via solar panels.
4)After two
days of necessary preparations, the Pragyan rover, measuring roughly 92cm in
length and 75cm in width, and featuring six wheels embarked on a 14-day
exploratory mission of the lunar surface. It was equipped with two key
payloads: the ‘Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer’ (APXS) and the ‘Laser Induced
Breakdown Spectroscope’ (LIBS).
5)APXS,
dedicated to deriving the elemental composition of the lunar surface and LIBS
tasked to determine the elemental composition of chemical elements like
magnesium and aluminium present in lunar soil and rocks around the landing
site. Pragyan also featured two Navigation cameras, known as NAVCAMLeft and
NAVCAM-Right, mounted on its front.
6)These
cameras enabled the rover to navigate the lunar terrain, ensuring path planning
and obstacle avoidance during its movement.
7)The
rover’s mission life is limited to one lunar day (approximately 14 Earth days),
due to the harsh conditions on the Moon. The extreme cold and darkness
experienced during the lunar night poses a threat to the rover’s electronics
components and battery. The rover could potentially ‘awaken’ after the lunar
night if its components survived, but this is unlikely.
8)Chandrayaan-3’s
rover, Pragyan, contributed to the exploration of the Moon’s southern pole.
The rover’s missions include conducting experiments, collecting samples, and
analysing the lunar environment, regolith or moon dust, soil (broken rock), and
potential resources. The synergy between the lander and rover aim to unlock the
Moon’s secrets, enhancing our understanding of its geology, composition, and
atmosphere.
9)The
analysis of this information will allow scientists to study the moon’s
topography in unprecedented detail, creating comprehensive maps of its terrain
and identifying potential landing sites for future missions. By studying the
presence and abundance of elements on the lunar surface, researchers can gain
insights into the moon’s formation and evolution, drawing comparisons to Earth’s
geology
10)The impact
of Chandrayaan-3’s mission to the Moon is expected to be profound and
wide-reaching. The research conducted during this mission will provide valuable
insights about the lunar environment, revolutionizing our understanding of our
celestial neighbour and opening new doors to scientific discovery.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d)
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 and 10
Ans : d
53)Consider
the following about Chandrayaan - 3 :
1)One of the
key objectives of Chandrayaan-3 is to unravel the mysteries of the moon’s
atmosphere and the presence of volatile compounds. By studying these factors,
scientists will gain a deeper understanding of how the moon interacts with the
solar wind and its potential as a platform for astronomical observations and
experiments. This knowledge will not only reshape our understanding of the moon
but also pave the way for future space exploration endeavours. In addition to
the scientific breakthroughs, Chandrayaan-3 serves as an inspiration for future
generations.
2)The mission
sparks curiosity and encourages young minds to explore the wonders of space and
pursue careers in STEM fields. It showcases India’s technological capabilities
and its significant contribution to global space exploration efforts, fostering
collaborations and partnerships that transcend borders in the pursuit of scientific
knowledge.
3)
Chandrayaan-3 is on a momentous mission to the moon, aiming to accomplish
ground-breaking achievements and significant milestones in lunar exploration.
The rover’s ability to traverse the lunar surface and collect samples mark a
revolutionary feat in scientific exploration. These samples hold the key to
unlocking the moon’s elemental composition, revealing the presence of diverse
minerals and the distribution of vital elements.
4)By
meticulously analysing these samples, scientists will deepen our understanding
of the moon’s formation and gain crucial insights into the early history of our
entire solar system. This will yield an unprecedented wealth of data for
scientists to delve into, unravelling new mysteries, making ground-breaking
discoveries, and reshaping our knowledge of our closest celestial neighbour.
5)This
remarkable mission brings together the expertise and resources of various
international space agencies and institutions, fostering an environment of
scientific cooperation and knowledge sharing on a global scale.
6)By uniting
scientists from different nations, Chandrayaan-3 becomes a symbol of collective
effort, leveraging expertise and nurturing collaborations.
7)In
conclusion, Chandrayaan-3’s mission to the Moon signifies a significant
milestone in space exploration. It promises to unlock valuable insights about
the lunar environment, reshape our understanding of the moon, and inspire
future generations to pursue scientific endeavours. With its advanced
technology, ambitious objectives, and international collaborations,
Chandrayaan-3 is poised to make ground-breaking discoveries and propel us
further into the realm of space exploration.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d)
1,2,3,4,5,6 and 7
Ans : d
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
54)Consider
the following about GAGAN:
1)Ability to
provide positioning, navigation and timing services based on Satellite
Navigation technology provides enormous benefit to nation’s economy.
2)GAGAN (GPS
Aided Geo Augmented Navigation) has been put into operation since 2015 by
Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), together with Airports Authority of
India (AAI).
3)ISRO has
designed and implemented NavIC (Navigation with Indian Constellation) and is
providing services since 2018 which places India among the six nations in the
world with a capability to provide independent satellite-based navigation
services to its citizens
4)GAGAN (GPS
Aided Geo Augmented Navigation) is a Satellite-Based Augmentation System (SBAS)
for enhanced accuracy, availability and integrity of the navigation services
tosupport Safety of Life operations over the Indian Flight Information Region
(FIR), with expansion capability to neighbouring FIRs.
5)The GAGAN
is inter-operable with other international systems like US-WAAS, EuropeanEGNOS,
and Japanese MSAS and provides seamless air navigation across regional
boundaries, to support en-route and precision approach navigation.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3,4
and 5
Ans : d
55)Consider
the following about GAGAN :
GAGAN
Infrastructure Consists of:
1)Space
Segment encompasses bent pipe navigation payloads on Geo Stationary Satellites
GSAT-8, GSAT-10 and GSAT15, providing in-orbit redundancy.
2)Ground
Segment consists of Reference Stations at 15 locations pan India, Master
Control Centre, Indian Uplink Stations, Data Communication Subsystems, with
redundancies. A new region-specific Ionospheric model developed by ISRO enables
APV 1.0 precision approach navigation over the Indian region.
3)User
Segment includes all aviation users such as aircrafts and helicopters equipped
with SBAS receivers and FMS. All non-aviation users with SBAS capability in
their receivers.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3
Ans : d
=================================================================================
56)Consider
the following about NAVIC:
1)NAVIC
(NAVigation with Indian Constellation) is an independent satellite-based
navigation system to provide positioning, navigation, timing services.
2)It is
designed to provide uninterrupted navigation service to the users in the region
covering India and an area extending up to 1500 km from its geo-political
boundary with a position accuracy better than 20 m (2 σ).
3)NAVIC
provides two types of navigation services: Standard Positioning Service (SPS)
for civilian users and Restricted Services (RS) for authorized users.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3
Ans : d
57)Consider
the following about NaVIC and GAGAN :
The NavIC
infrastructure has three segments:
1)Space Segment consists of a constellation of
satellites broadcasting navigation signals - three satellites in Geo
Synchronous orbits and four in Inclined Geo-synchronous orbits.
2)Ground
Segment includes precise timing systems, ranging stations, navigation software,
communication networks and spacecraft telemetry, tracking and command networks
with adequate redundancies to ensure faultless performance.
3)User
Segment consisting of the various types of user devices in civilian and
strategic domains, with the capability to receive and process signal in L5 and
S-bands.
4)Some of the
important applications of NAVIC and GAGAN include: • Civilian Applications:
Personal navigation for travelers, Railways, Maritime Applications, Vehicle
tracking, Automated vehicle navigation, Search and Rescue, etc.
5)NAVIC and
GAGAN have been mandated as standard requirements for tracking applications for
public and commercial vehicles by Ministry of Road Transport and Highways; •
Surveying Mapping and GIS: surveys and production of maps, Geodesy, etc.
6)Large
Cadastral mapping applications in Forestry in number of states are moving to
GAGAN based solutions; • Maritime: Ship and fishing vessel navigations, ocean
studies, position information of potential fishing zones;
7)Railways:
Indian Railways using GAGAN and NAVIC for real time train tracking, collision
avoidance, wagon tracking and asset management applications; • Strategic
Applications: Tracking of vehicles, airborne vehicles, landing etc.; and •
Messaging: Alert messages and Disaster warnings to fishermen at Sea.
8)The
space-based augmentation system GAGAN improves the positioning service with
integrity for safety-oflife applications like civil aviation. Directorate
General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) has certified GAGAN for enroute operations
(RNP 0.1) and precision approach services (APV 1).
9)GAGAN helps
airlines to save time and money by efficient and optimized air traffic
management.
10)GAGAN has
messaging service supporting broadcast of disaster alerts.
11)The
indigenous and independent navigation system NavIC addresses various
applications of day-to-day life in civilian domain and strategic requirements
of India ensuring selfreliance.
12)
Information regarding potential fishing zones and alerts regarding high waves,
cyclones etc. are broadcast via NavIC messaging service. Home-grown industries,
startups have been developing end-to-end systems for navigation and timing
applications contributing to the vision of Aatmanirbhar Bharat.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d)
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11 and 12
Ans : d
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
58)Consider
the following about INSATs :
1)The
Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE) conducted, in the year
1975 helped India gain experience in the field of satellite broadcasting and
led to creation of Indian National Satellite (INSAT) system.
2) The Indian
Space Research Organisation (ISRO) responsible for the development, has been
leading the endeavour since then.
3)The
communication and broadcast satellites are deployed at different orbital slots
in geo stationary orbit.
4)The
associated ground and user segment are installed across the Country.
5)The INSAT-1
series satellites were based on a unique three-in-one (broadcasting,
telecommunication and meteorology) multi-function system designed to meet
India’s needs in a novel and innovative manner.
6) With the
experience gained from INSAT-1, ISRO indigenously designed and developed the
second generation three axis stabilized INSAT-2 series of satellites, having
higher capacity compared to the first generation INSATs.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3,4,5
and 6
Ans : d
59)Consider
the following about INSATs :
1)The
INSAT-3, INSAT-4 and GSAT series have embraced advanced technologies with
enhanced power and coverage capabilities operating in a wide range frequencies
UHF, S, C, Ext C, Ku, Ka and Q bands.
2)ISRO has
launched High Throughput Satellites providing multiple spot-beam coverage in Ku
and Ka bands. Some of the unique payloads carried on INSAT include Search and
Rescue (SAR) payload, Data Relay Trans -ponder (DRT), Very High-Resolution
Radiometer (VHRR) for meteorological imaging, and GPS Aided Geo Augmented
Navigation (GAGAN) payload, to support specific applications.
3)Today,
India has a fleet of communication satellites that provide bent-pipe
transponders and 25 Gbps High Throughput Satellite (HTS) capacity. The
following info-graph summarises the evolution and growth of satellite
communication in India
Serving the
geographic and demographic profile of India, the satellite communication plays
an important role in reaching out to diversified regions of the Country.
4)It helps to
connect the hilly terrains, islands, inaccessible regions to provide reliable
means of communication.
5)Satellite
communication has evolved over the years in India and played a vital role in
everyday life - receiving TV and radio programmes, providing essential
communications, business and e-governance services. Over the years, the use of
satellite communication spanned into several applications like telecom and
cellular backhaul, television broadcast, Direct to Home television, news and
event coverage, banking and ATMs, digital cinema transmission, stock market
network, point of sale, linking oil rigs, maritime and on-the-move
communications, etc.
6)As per TRAI
performance indicators report, more than 900 channels are beamed over India;
there are about 103 million cable TV subscriber and 71 million active DTH
subscribers; about 359 broadcasters, 1648 multi system operators and 1,40,000
cable operators; and 4 private DTH operators apart from the public sector
broadcaster- Doordarshan. Further, 2.80 Lakh VSATs are in use catering to various
communication services. The demand for satellite capacity is steadily
increasing year after year. Apart from commercial applications, several
societal programmes were implemented with a focus to address specific problems
of the society and the nation. Major societal programmes were: • Jhabua
Development Communication Programme (JDCP) - for tribal development; • Training
and Developmental Communication Channel (TDCC) and GRAMSAT - for rural
development; • Tele-medicine - for connecting Remote Health Centres/Hospitals
to Speciality Hospitals; • Tele-education – for Curriculum, Supplementary and
non-formal education; • Village Resource Centre (VRC) – for advisories to
villagers on Agriculture, Livelihood, Empowerment, etc.; and • Disaster
Management Support (DMS) Programme – Alert, mitigation, rescue and relief plan
and implementation. In addition, ISRO has implemented unique applications such
as: • Satellite Aided Search and Rescue: Search and Rescue (SAR) programme is
implemented in collaboration with international agency COSPASSARSAT, for rescue
of people at distress in ships, aircrafts on land through distress beacon; •
Distress Alert Transmitter (DAT): Indigenous customised solution for search and
rescue of fishermen at sea; • Data Relay Transponder (DRT): DRT supports
variety of data collection and sensor data monitoring applications related to
weather, ocean, environment etc.; • Mobile Satellite Services (MSS): MSS is an
important component of satellite communication mainly meant for providing voice
and data services using mobile and handheld terminals; and • Real-time Train
Information System (RTIS): Train tracking application for improving efficiency
of operations and safety.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3,4,5
and 6
Ans : d
60)Consider
the following about TV-D1 :
1)The Test Vehicle Abort mission (TV-D1) was launched on
October 21, 2023 from Satish Dhavan Space Centre (SDSC), Shriharikota.
2)The aim of TV-D1 launch was to validate the efficiency of
Crew Escape System (CES) during an emergency abort condition while the crew
module is within atmospheric limits. Post launch and successful ejection, recovery
of Crew Module and recording of the launch (as required by ISRO) was
successfully undertaken by IN.
3)INS Shakti recovered the crew module which was
later disembarked at Chennai. The video of crew module decent phase was also
live streamed to SDSC. Assets deployed for the mission included three IN ships
(Shakti, Gharial and Battimalv), SCI Saraswati, one
HALE UAV and a Chetak Helicopter.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3
Ans : d
61)Consider
the following about Vyommitra :
1)Woman
Robot Astronaut "Vyommitra" will fly into Space ahead of ISRO's
ambitious “Gaganyaan" mission, which will be India’s first human manned
Space Flight carrying Indian Astronauts into Space.
2)Disclosing
this in New Delhi during an interaction with media, Union Minister of State said, the uncrewed "Vyommitra"
Mission is scheduled for the third quarter of this year while a manned mission
“Gaganyaan” is scheduled to be launched next year, that is 2025.
3)“Vyommitra”
is a name derived from two Sanskrit words namely, “Vyoma” (meaning Space)
and “Mitra” (meaning Friend). This Female Robot Astronaut, said the Minister,
is equipped with the capability to monitor Module Parameters, issue Alerts and
execute Life Support operations. It can perform tasks such as operating six
panels and responding to the queries, he explained.
4)It
is further elaborated that "Vyommitra" Astronaut is designed in
such a manner so as to simulate human functions in the Space environment and
interact with the Life Support System.
5)Pertinent
to mention that as a run up to the launch of India's first-ever manned Space
flight named “Gaganyaan", the first Test Vehicle Flight TV D1 was
accomplished on 21st October last year. This was meant to qualify the crew
escape system and parachute system.The human rating of the launch vehicle is
complete. All the propulsion stages are qualified. All the preparations are in
place.
6)While
the uncrewed unmanned Robot Flight “Vyommitra” will take place this year,
“Gaganyaan” will be launched next year.
7)The
Gaganyaan project envisages demonstration of human space capabilities by
launching a crew of astronauts into an orbit of 400 Kilometres and then
bringing back these human astronauts safely to earth by landing them in India's
sea waters.
8)Chandrayaan 3, which landed on the South Pole of the Moon on August 23
last year, is following its normal expected course of action. The vital
inputs sent by it will be shared in course of time.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d)
1,2,3,4,5,6,7 and 8
Ans : d
62)Consider the following about FDI in
Space Sector :
1)Prime
Minister of India led Union Cabinet on 21.2.2024 took a series of key
decisions, which included the approval for amendments to the existing Foreign
Direct Investment (FDI) policy on space sector.
2) “Under
the amended policy, 100% FDI
is allowed in space sector.
3)The
liberalised entry routes... are aimed to attract potential investors to invest
in Indian companies in space,” said Union Minister.
4)The
amended policy extends the facility of up to 74% FDI under the automatic route
for satellite manufacturing and operation, satellite data products and
ground/user segment.
5)Beyond
74%, these activities are under government route.
6)Up to
49% FDI under the automatic route will be allowed for launch vehicles and
associated systems or subsystems, and creation of spaceports for launching and
receiving spacecraft. Beyond 49%, these activities will be under government
route.
7)It is said up to 100% FDI under the automatic route
would be permitted for manufacturing of components and systems/sub-systems for
satellites, ground segment and user segment.
8)“This
increased private sector participation would help to generate employment,
enable modern technology absorption and make the sector self-reliant,” he said.
9)“It is
expected to integrate Indian companies into global value chains. With this,
companies will be able to set up their manufacturing facilities within the
country...,” the Minister added.
10)The
satellites sub-sector has been divided into three different activities with
defined limits for foreign investment in each such sector.
11)As per
the existing FDI policy, foreign investment is allowed in establishment and
operation of satellites via government-approval route only.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d)
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 and 11
Ans : d
====================================================
63)Consider
the following about PAPA of Additya - L1 :
1)The
Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) on 23.2.2024 said that the Plasma
Analyser Package for Aditya (PAPA) payload onboard the Aditya-L1 has detected
the impact of coronal mass ejections (CMEs).
2)“Its
advanced sensors have successfully detected the impact of CMEs, including those
that occurred during February 10-11, 2024,” the ISRO said.
3)PAPA is
an energy and mass analyser designed for in-situ measurements of solar wind
electrons and ions in the low energy range. It has two sensors: the Solar Wind
Electron Energy Probe (SWEEP, measuring electrons in the energy range of 10 eV
to 3 keV) and the Solar Wind Ion Composition Analyser (SWICAR, measuring ions
in the energy range of 10 eV to 25 keV and mass range of 1-60 amu). The sensors
are also equipped to measure the direction of arrival of solar wind particles.
4)The
payload has been operational since December 12, 2023.
5)“The
SWEEP and SWICAR sensors on PAPA-Aditya-L1 are currently making continuous
observations of solar wind electrons and ions in the default mode,
demonstrating that they are performing as per the design in all modes of
operations. The observations made by PAPA emphasise its effectiveness in
monitoring space weather conditions and its capability to detect and analyse
solar phenomena,” the ISRO added.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3,4
and 5
Ans : d
======================================================================
64)Consider the following about Urban Frame
Survey (UFS) :
1)The NSSO (FOD) under Ministry of Statistics and Programme
Implementation (MoSPI) has entered into a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU)
with the National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC) under the Indian Space Research
Organization (ISRO) to facilitate Urban Frame Survey (UFS) in a digital mode
using the state-of-the-art Geo ICT tools and techniques using Bhuvan Platform
2)UFS is conducted in five-year phases to prepare and maintain a frame
of compact urban geographical units, which serve as sampling frame in urban
sector, mainly for NSSO large scale Socio-Economic Surveys.
3)The UFS in digital form was carried out for the first time during
Phase 2017-22 using Bhuvan platform covering more than 5300 towns. In the
current phase (2022 – 2027), survey works of around 8134 towns are planned with
improved and robust versions of Mobile, Desktop and Web Based GIS solutions
built on Bhuvan Platform.
4)The MoU Covers development / improvement of mobile application
for Geo-tagging of NSSO Urban Frame Survey data, Web portal for visualization,
system generated scrutiny, editing, etc. of data submitted through mobile
application, QGIS plug-in for accessing the polygons captured through mobile
application and fine-tuning of Block, IV-unit, Ward and Town boundaries of UFS
using High Resolution Satellite Imagery; and Capacity building
of NSSO officials by NRSC.
Which of the
following is correct?
(a)1 and 2
only
(b)2 and 3
only
( c ) 3 only
(d) 1,2,3 and
4
Ans : d
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